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People with bigger brains ftend to score higher on standardized tests of intelligence， according to new study findings.
However， the study author Dr Michael A.McDaniel of the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond emphasized that these findings represent a general trend， and people with small heads should not automatically believe they are less intelligent. For instance， Albert Einstein’s brain was “not particularly large”， McDaniel noted. “There’s some relationship between brain size and intelligence on the average， but there’s plenty of room for exceptions，” he said.
Interest in the relationship between brain size and intelligence grew in the1830s， when German anatomist(解剖学家) Frederich Tiedmann wrote that he believed there was “an unquestionable connection between the size of the brain and the mental energy displayed by the individual man”. Since that statement， scientists have conducted numerous studies to determine if Tiedmann’s assertion was， in fact， correct. Most studies have looked into the link between head size and intelligence. More recently， however， researchers have published additional studies on brain size and intelligence， measured using MRI scan(核磁共振成像扫描).
For his study， McDaniel analyzed more than 20 studies that looked into the relationship between brain size and intelligence in a total of 1,530 people. The studies showed that on the average， people with larger brain volume tended to be more intelligent. The relationship between brain volume and intelligence was stronger in women than men， and in adults than in children. McDaniel notes in the journal Intelligence.
McDaniel is not sure why the relationship was stronger for adults and women. “Other research has shown that women， on the average， tend to have smaller brains than men， but score just as well—if not higher—in tests of intelligence，” he said.
McDaniel insisted that the relationship between brain size and intelligence is not a “perfect” one. “One can certainly find lots of examples of smaller-sized people who are highly intelligent，” he said， “But， on the average， the relationship holds.”
. What does the text mainly talk about？
A.MRI scans are applied to intelligence.
B. On the average， a bigger brain means higher IQ.
C. Dr McDaniel did well in his intelligence study.
D. Scientists are interested in Tiedmann’s idea.
By mentioning Albert Einstein， the writer wants to show .
A. Albert Einstein was intelligent
B. the result of intelligence test was false
C. being hard working is more important than intelligence
D. brain size doesn’t necessarily decide the level of intelligence
The underlined word “assertion” in Para. 3 probably means “ ”.
A. experiment B. statement C proof D. demand
After Frederich Tiedmann wrote his article， .
A. many scientists agreed with him
B. numerous studies have failed to prove his idea
C.MRI scan became popularly used
D. lots of researchers were interested in the connections between head size and intelligence
According to the text， Dr McDaniel’s study .
A. proves Tiedmann’s idea was completely true
B. shows women are smarter than men
C. involves many studies and a lot of people
D. explains why people with smaller brains are clever
查看习题详情和答案>>Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. _____, I can't speak too highly of him.
A. As a result B. By the way
C. On the whole D. In a word
查看习题详情和答案>>People with bigger brains ftend to score higher on standardized tests of intelligence， according to new study findings.
However， the study author Dr Michael A.McDaniel of the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond emphasized that these findings represent a general trend， and people with small heads should not automatically believe they are less intelligent. For instance， Albert Einstein’s brain was “not particularly large”， McDaniel noted. “There’s some relationship between brain size and intelligence on the average， but there’s plenty of room for exceptions，” he said.
Interest in the relationship between brain size and intelligence grew in the1830s， when German anatomist(解剖学家) Frederich Tiedmann wrote that he believed there was “an unquestionable connection between the size of the brain and the mental energy displayed by the individual man”. Since that statement， scientists have conducted numerous studies to determine if Tiedmann’s assertion was， in fact， correct. Most studies have looked into the link between head size and intelligence. More recently， however， researchers have published additional studies on brain size and intelligence， measured using MRI scan(核磁共振成像扫描).
For his study， McDaniel analyzed more than 20 studies that looked into the relationship between brain size and intelligence in a total of 1,530 people. The studies showed that on the average， people with larger brain volume tended to be more intelligent. The relationship between brain volume and intelligence was stronger in women than men， and in adults than in children. McDaniel notes in the journal Intelligence.
McDaniel is not sure why the relationship was stronger for adults and women. “Other research has shown that women， on the average， tend to have smaller brains than men， but score just as well—if not higher—in tests of intelligence，” he said.
McDaniel insisted that the relationship between brain size and intelligence is not a “perfect” one. “One can certainly find lots of examples of smaller-sized people who are highly intelligent，” he said， “But， on the average， the relationship holds.”
1.. What does the text mainly talk about？
A.MRI scans are applied to intelligence.
B. On the average， a bigger brain means higher IQ.
C. Dr McDaniel did well in his intelligence study.
D. Scientists are interested in Tiedmann’s idea.
2. By mentioning Albert Einstein， the writer wants to show .
A. Albert Einstein was intelligent
B. the result of intelligence test was false
C. being hard working is more important than intelligence
D. brain size doesn’t necessarily decide the level of intelligence
3. The underlined word “assertion” in Para. 3 probably means “ ”.
A. experiment B. statement C proof D. demand
4. After Frederich Tiedmann wrote his article， .
A. many scientists agreed with him
B. numerous studies have failed to prove his idea
C.MRI scan became popularly used
D. lots of researchers were interested in the connections between head size and intelligence
5. According to the text， Dr McDaniel’s study .
A. proves Tiedmann’s idea was completely true
B. shows women are smarter than men
C. involves many studies and a lot of people
D. explains why people with smaller brains are clever
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You may picture firefighters holding a hose （水管） outside of a burning building，but the Golden Eagles Hotshots don't fight fires quite that way．When they go into action，you may not even see a fire truck．
The Hotshots are firefighters who battle fires in wilderness areas．But don't think you'll only find them in California．Wherever there is a national wildfire emergency，the Golden Eagles Hotshots could be there．
But these firefighters don't work the same way as those in big cities．They work where there are large numbers of trees，bushes，and grass．They climb up and down steep hills to clear brush and burnable debris （残骸）．They sometimes use water，but often fight fire with fire！
They do that by lighting what are called “backfires” ---- small，controlled fires that burn up fuel in the path of larger wildfires．That way, when the wildfire gets there, it has nothing to burn and nowhere to go，because all the burnable fuel has already gone up in smoke．
The Hotshots also clear away fuel using old-fashioned hard work．For example，they use a saw to cut away trees and heavy brush that could catch fire．
Of course there are times when the Golden Eagles Hotshots do have trucks to supply water to the fires．But the water is limited，and these guys have to rely on hard work more than anything．Physical fitness is very important．They have to be strong to handle steep hills while carrying a 60pound pack．
Thanks to their efforts，many lives have been saved，many houses not burned，and countless trees still standing．
1.According to the passage，why do the firefighters light “backfires”？
A．To signal for help． B．To remove obstacles．
C．To protect trees and bushes． D．To prevent the fire from spreading．
2.What can we learn about the Golden Eagles Hotshots？
A．They are firefighters working in big cities．
B．Their work requires physical strength．
C．They are working for free．
D．They usually hold a hose to put out the fires．
3.All of the following can reflect that the Golden Eagles Hotshots are special EXCEPT their working ．
A. areas B. ways C. achievements D. tools
4.What is the author's attitude towards the Golden Eagles Hotshots？
A．Appreciative． B．Doubtful． C．Worried． D．Critical．
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