More and more scientific experiments prove that physical exercise can reduce the dangers of some illnesses in middle-aged persons．Exercise strengthens the heart muscle，reduces blood pressure and help to prevent muscles from changing into fat．Physical exercise is just as important for children．

Exercise and food affect growing speed in young lab animals．Baby mice start running as soon as they are big enough to use an exercise wheel in their cage．If  they get extra food and run a lot，they will grow as much as 1.5 times bigger than normal．

The same differences in growing speed might be found between active and inactive children．Physical exercise helps active children grow faster than inactive children．One experiment shows that the brains of the mice that had enough exercise weighed about 3％more than those of the mice that did not exercise The mice that exercised are much quicker to learn doing new exercise than the mice that did not exercise．

The results of the experiments suppose the theory that exercise can help babies learn to talk and walk sooner than expected．

The good effects of physical exercise are not limited to children and middle-aged people．Exercise continues to be an important part of our lives after we grow old．For example，people over 50 years old begin to lose calcium(钙) from their bones，which get weaker and can break easily．Physical exercise，however，helps to strengthen the bones and to prevent them from losing calcium．Of course，old people can take medicines to prevent themselves from suffering from losing calcium．But the medicines they take increase the chance of developing some kind of cancer(癌)．So physical exercise is a much safer treatment(治疗)．

1.From the passage we know that         .

2.Active children        than inactive children．

3.Why are the bones of old people easy to break according to the passage?

4.The passage tells people that       .

第一节：完形填空（共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)       

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中

选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

Exercise is often said to be good for everyone．But a new study has shown that exercise could be _  21     especially for people past middle age．The study was done with mice．It showed that although mild exercise   22       a good effect on the muscles of young mice, it   23           the muscles of mice past middle age．

The three groups of mice in the experiment were _ 24        __in age at young, middle-aged, and elderly humans．The mice were__25     _on a thread-mill (踏车) 30 minutes a day for a five-week period．At the end of that time, the young mice’s leg muscles had increased almost 30 percent in weight, but those of the old mice were reduced by 25 percent．No  26            pattern showed for the middle-aged mice．

David Gershon, an expert who carried out the experiment, explained that the older mice’ muscles were probably already_ 27      _down and that exercise worsened the _ 28       _．An earlier study by Gershon showed that middle-aged mice benefited from exercise if they started exercising young and continued it．

It’s clear that because the tests were done on mice, drawing conclusions about humans is too early．But the studies do not totally _ 29       _the theory that exercise is good under any conditions．Let’s use the tests on mice as a _ 30         _ for other studies．

21．A．beneficial        B．friendly          C．tiring               D．unhealthy

22．A．made               B．took             C．had                 D．brought

23．A．harmed            B．helped         C．improved         D．reduced

24．A．aimed              B．connected     C．indicated          D．represented

25．A．directed           B．driven           C．hung               D．placed

26．A．clean               B．clear            C．proper             D．visible

27．A．breaking          B．failing           C．letting             D．slowing

28．A．body               B．condition               C．situation          D．state

29．A．appreciate        B．assist            C．promote           D．support

30．A．bridge             B．means             C．proposal          D．warning

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

　　 According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere (北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones.

　　  In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　  Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　  However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　  One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates (使旋转), every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

　　  Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat .

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_________.

   A. mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

   B. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C. prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D. explain the cause of  great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

The article was written to explain ___________.

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the solar effects on the earth

C. the causes affecting weather

D. the models of solar-weather interactions

Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there　seem to be falling. This is__________.

A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

 B. partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D. only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that__________.

A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

C. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ____________.

A. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

B. the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

C. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

D. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions．The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard，such as Japan，focus is placed on the eyes to interpret emotions．Whereas in cultures where emotion is openly expressed，such as the United States，the focus is on the mouth to interpret emotion．

“These findings go against the popular theory that the facial expressions of basic emotions can be universally recognized，”said University of Alberta researcher Dr．Takahiko Masuda．“A person's culture plays a very strong role in determining how they will read emotions and needs to be considered when interpreting facial expression．"

These cultural differences are even noticeable in computer emoticons (情感符号)，which are used to convey a writer’s emotions over email and text messaging．The Japanese emoticons for happiness and sadness vary in terms of how the eyes are drawn，while American emoticons vary with the direction of the mouth．In the United States the emoticons ：) and ：--) show a happy face，whereas the emoticons ：(  or ：--( show a sad face．However，Japanese tend to use the symbol (＾-＾) to indicate a happy face，and ( ；_；) to indicate a sad face．

“We think it is quite interesting and appropriate that a culture tends to mask its emotions． The Japanese would focus on a person's eyes when determining emotion，as eyes tend to be quite subtle (微妙的)，”said Masuda．“In the United States, where open emotion is quite common，it makes sense to focus on the mouth, which is the most expressive feature on a person's face．”

60．The text mainly tells us that______．

A. cultural differences are expressed in emotions

B. culture is the key to interpreting facial emotions

C. different emoticons are preferred in different cultures，

D．people from different cultures express emotions differently

61．If a Japanese wants to detect whether a smile is, true or false，he will probably______．

A. read the whole face                    B. focus on the mouth

C. look into the eyes                        D. judge by the voice

62．People used to believe that___________．

A．some facial expressions of emotions were too complex to be recognized

B．people in the world interpreted basic emotions in different ways

C．people could only recognize the facial expressions of basic emotions；

D．people all’ over the world understood basic emotions in the same way

63．The computer emoticons used by the Americans show that_____________．

A．they express their feelings openly

B．they tend to control their emotions

C．they are good at conveying their emotions

D．they use simpler emoticons to show their feelings

According to researchers．money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else．

Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly bring you happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found．

Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably（适度地） happier when they spent money on others--even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier．

"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn," said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia．

They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity．

"Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not," Dunn said in a statement．

Dunn's team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus（奖金） of between $3,000 and $8,000．

"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself," they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science．

They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it．Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it．

"These findings suggest that very minor alterations（改动） in spending allocations（分配） - as little as $5 - may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day," Dunn said．

1.According to the passage,_____________．

    A．the more money you spend on others, the happier you are

    B．spending money on others can bring you happiness

    C．Elizabeth Dunn is a psychologist from Harvest Business School

    D．six hundred volunteers took part in the experiment

2.The 16 employees mentioned in the passage _________．

    A．were given clear instructions on how to spend the bonus

    B．had more happiness than the size of the bonus itself

    C．experienced greater happiness after receiving their bonus

    D．felt happier after they contributed much of the bonus of charities

3.Dunn’s statement suggested that ______________．

    A．those who spent money on others felt happier no matter how much they earned

    B．those who spent more money on themselves felt happier

    C．people thought spending money could make themselves happier

    D．the money spent was as important as the money earned

4.The best title of this passage is ___________．

    A．Experiment on Money Spending

    B．Spending Money on Others Makes One Happier

    C．Devoting Your Money to Charities

    D．Bonus and Pro-social Spending