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“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most believe it is of great importance. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,” and “Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be considered intolerant(不可容忍的).
Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. It’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, “It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.”
But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial(有争议的) case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their likes and dislikes; they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and careful consideration.
Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence. Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.
B. Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.
C. Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.
D. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels.
2.The new Ford cars are mentioned as an example to show that ________.
A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand
B. one should not always agree to others’ opinions
C. personal tastes are not something to be challenged
D. it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public
3.Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.
A. it is stated by judges in the court
B. it reflects public likes and dislikes
C. it is a result of a lot of argument
D. it is based on careful thought
4.As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one’s opinion ________.
A. means that one can ignore other people’s criticism
B. means that one can force others to accept his preferences
C. doesn’t mean that one has the right to do things at will
D. doesn’t mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence
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In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence(坚持不懈), concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing（知识化） in some Japanese kindergartens.
1.We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________.
A．Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
B．Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C．Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D．Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs
2.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to ________.
A．problem solving
B．group experience
C．parental guidance
D．individually-oriented development
3.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to .
A．broaden children’s horizons
B．encourage children’s creativity
C．lighten children’s study load
D．increase children’s knowledge
4.Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university – based kindergartens?
A．They can do better in their future studies.
B．They can accumulate more group experience there.
C．They can be individually – oriented when they grow up.
D．They can have better chances of getting a first – rate education.
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The aims of the Illustrators’(插图画家的) Exhibition, staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair, organized by BolognaFiere and held from 23 to 26 December 2013,are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers.
QUALIFICATIONS
•Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality, if they were born before 31st December 1992, whose artwork is intended for use in children’s books, are qualified to enter the Exhibition, either directly or through publishing houses or schools.
•Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Nonfiction Category. Illustrators may only enter one category.
•Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be re-entered.
•The confirmation(确认) form must be filled in and a photograph attached, then presented together with illustrations no later than 15 October 2013.
SHIPMENT
Entries may be delivered by post, express delivery service or by hand. From abroad, please use the following forms: Form “A” for registered mail or post by air; Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline.
To avoid delays, material should not be sent by normal post. Material should be sent “carriage paid”, including any customs and delivery costs.
BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork. All published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number, publisher’s name and address.
REQUIREMENTS
The illustrations (i.e.the size of the sheet) must not exceed (超过) the following dimensions:
Fiction: 32*42 cm (or 42 *32 cm)
Non-fiction: 50*70 cm (70* 50cm)
Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered, nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere. The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board, maximum thickness 2mm (for scanner separation purposes).
SELECTION PROCESS
All artwork received by the stated deadline and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group (whose decision is final), including five members (from publishing house and art schools) appointed each year by BolognaFiere.
EXHIBITIONS ABROAD
After the Bologna event, the Illustrators Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY. The Illustrators Exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues (场馆) in other countries. The exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the Illustrators Exhibition, and the provisions (条款) of the regulations are extended to the organizers of the exhibitions held abroad.
RETURN OF ARTWORK
All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere or directly by the organizers of the exhibitions and held abroad by the end of July 2014.
45. Which of the following of the Illustrators’ Exhibition is true?
A. It will last five days in all in July every other year.
B. It can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers.
C. It is held by the Bologna Children’s Book Fair in BolognaFiere.
D. It is intended for college students who are good at painting
46. Which of the following is unacceptable for delivering entries?
A. Express delivery. B. Airline post. C. Registered mail. D. Normal post.
47. The illustrators of the Illustrators Exhibition __________.
A. should be at least 16 and no more than 25
B. may re-enter their artwork after it is returned
C. should state the category of their artwork clearly
D. may choose to attach a photo to the application form
48. What is BolognaFiere responsible for?
A. Paying for the delivery costs B. Late arrival of artwork
C. Confirmation of ISBN number D. Returning the illustrators’ works .
49. The illustrators’ works will not be considered if they .
A. have already been published abroad before
B. are smaller than the required size
C. are received after the day of 15 October 2013
D. don’t meet the demands of the international experts
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