摘要:The History of Printing Wood-block printing was invented sometime between the 4th and the 7th century in China.The earliest book that we have was (71) p in 868 and was found in a Dunhuang cave.Wood-block printing took a long time because a new block was needed for every page in a book.By the 11th (72) c printed books could be found all over China.They included books of Confucius' (73) t , dictionaries, and books (74) o maths.In 1340, books could be printed using two colors, black and red. (75) A the Chinese learnt about printing so early, printing was not introduced in other parts of the world for hundreds of years, it is thought that when the great Italian (76) t Marco Polo visited China in the 13t~' century, he saw printed books.It is (77) p that Marco Polo brought that knowledge to Europe.But printed books did not come to Europe (78) u 1450 when a German called Johann Gutenberg invented a printing machine.Twenty-four years later, in 1474, an Englishman (79) c William Caxton printed the first printed book in English.His second book was about the game of chess.Caxton printed about a hundred books, and some can still be found today in (80) m .

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Clothing is a language. It tells us about individual people: their personality, their age, their place in society and so on. If we want to know more about society, we can look at traditional clothing.

??? The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress. You often find three colours — red, gold and green in the clothing. The first colour stands for the blood of millions of people who suffered as slaves(奴隶); the second is for the rich resources of the African earth; and the third represents the grasslands of home.

The patterns(图案) on the clothing also have a meaning. A common pattern is in the form of a cross “×”, which stands for “unity”. Another pattern is a rectangular box, which represents “strength”.

??? Because clothing has a strong social meaning, people are very careful in choosing what to wear. It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothing, or to wear clothes in the wrong way. For instance, in Ghana, a woman should wear her waistband differently according to the importance of the social event.

Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life. African designs are famous for loose(宽松的) clothing. The climate, with the hot sun and wide temperature ranges(变化), requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life.

??? Although many people wear western clothes, particularly in the big cities in Africa, traditional dress is very highly valued(评价). This is because it has deep cultural meanings.

1.According to the passage, red ________.

A. represents the setting sun???????

B. stands for African unity

C. is chosen because it is a bright colour??

D. is a reminder(暗示) of the sad history in Africa

2.Traditional dress should also be practical(实用) because ________.

A. it has deep cultural meanings???

B. people wear it in the big cities

C. it needs to protect people from the climate

D. it needs to keep people dry in the rainy season

3.According to the passage, which sentence is NOT RIGHT?

A. African dress has deep cultural meanings. 

B. Africa has a long history and a rich culture.

C. The rectangular box in the pattern represents “strength”.

D. People in the big cities in Africa prefer to wear western clothes.

4.The passage is mainly about ________ in Africa.??

A. the history of clothes  ?????????????

B. modern fashion styles

C. the meanings of traditional dress?????

D. the materials used in traditional dress

 

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 Expo 2010 is held in Shanghai from May 1 to October 31.People all over the world are looking forward to it.Here are several golden rules on how to best plan your hip.

Rule 1:Do your homework

Read everything you call before going.Really study the maps.Know the pavilions.Arrive at the entrance nearest Io the things you want to see.Have a plan.It will make a big difference.

Rule 2:Allow plenty of time

Expo 2010 is the largest attraction event in the history of the world.It will take many days to see it.Plan to spend from five to eight days or more seeing it.

Rule 3:Pace yourself

Expo is enormous.The distances are punishing.It is better to spend a day seeing a single area than to man hack and forth all over the site.Remember to wear the most comfortable shoes.Never mind what they look like.

Rule 4:Get going in May

At many Expos the crowds are smaller in May and in early June than any other time.And beware the last two weeks.During every Expo, people delay their visits and then in early October they suddenly realize.“Expo will close soon! I haven’t seen it!’’ As a result, the last several weeks usually have the most crowded days of the entire Expo.

Rule 5:Find out what everyone else is doing-and do the opposite

If you don't like large crowds and long lines.do the opposite.Here is all example:Most people go on Saturdays or on holidays, So avoid Saturdays and holidays.Go on weekdays when most people are at work.

Rule 6:Turn up

Expo 2010 is the largest celebration in China's history-an amazing once-in-a-lifetime event.When it is gone and it will never be seen again.So whatever you do,don't miss it!

1.Expo 2010 will last _________.

A.five to eight days

B.several weeks

C.six months

D.a year

2.According to Rule 4,you'd bettor not go to Expo on ________.

A.May 3

B.July 5

C.September 16

D.October 20

3.When there are lots of people waiting in line to see the most popular activations, what’s your  best choice?

A.I'll wait in line as other people do.

B.I'll go back and return tomorrow.

C.I'll visit the less crowded places instead.

D.I'll sit on a bench to have a rest for about two or three hours.

4.In Rule 6 “turn up” here means ________.

A.don't miss it

B.come and see

C.make the sound louder

D.never be seen again

 

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