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more deeply into your consciousness, a new study has found.
And having one or two glasses of wine a day may increase your ability to remember, and even
help with Alzheimer (老年痴呆症) sufferers. The study at Auckland University was undertaken by
Dr. Maggie Kalev and Professor Mathew During.
The two researchers found moderate levels of alcohol consumption, equivalent to one or two
glasses of wine a day, could augment memory.
In contrast, high levels of alcohol decreased the ability of new brain cells to develop and mature.
"Low levels of alcohol promoted neutral memories, such as remembering objects," said Dr. Kalev.
"However, contrary to popular belief, we also found that excessive levels of alcohol enhanced
memories of highly emotional stimuli (刺激), meaning the concept of 'drinking to forget' is unlikely
to be true."
"Our work suggests that heavy drinking actually reinforces negative memories."
The study also identified the way low doses of alcohol improved memory.
Dr. Kalev said a "very important" brain receptor(受体), called an NMDA receptor, appeared
to be necessary for the process.
Testing done on rats showed if they did not have enough NMDA receptors, their memory did
not improve when given low alcohol doses.
However, rats which did show high numbers of NMDA receptors exhibited memory improvement
when given small amounts of alcohol.
"Pathways by which memory is laid down are unclear, but NMDA receptor is critical in this
process," Dr. Kalev said.
"Building on this knowledge may help in the treatment of memory disorders, such as Alzheimer's
disease and other dementias."
The results of the study are published in Journal of Neuroscience.
B. The good effect of alcohol
C. The importance of NMDA receptor
D. Moderate drinking can improve memory
B. An NMDA receptor is the only factor for the process.
C. According to the testing done on rats, their memory did not improve when given low alcohol doses if they did not have enough NMDA receptors.
D. It is sure that the knowledge of the research can help to treat the memory disorders.
B. science report
C. science fiction
D. a novel
B. The alcoholic amount beneficial to individuals is certain.
C. It is advised that one should not drink too much to forget emotional stimuli.
D. The alcoholic degree of wine is very critical in the research.
Butter is bad for you—so is margarine(人造黄油).Coffee raises blood pressure, but may protect against cancer.Alcohol is okay, but only if it's wine.The confusing studies on what is safe to eat and drink are enough to make it impossible for anyone to understand what "good food" is.
Take the margarine-butter debate for example.Studies that linked fat—found mostly in animal products such as meat and butter—with cancer and heart disease sent millions rushing to buy margarine.But then another study found that people who ate a lot of margarine also had high levels of heart disease.For those who have a firm faith in science, this seems to be the end of the world.
But many doctors point out that their advice has never been conflicting.For years, and in various countries, they have recommended eating less fat.
People in western countries such as Britain and the United States get about 40 percent of their calories from fat.Doctors say this should be around 30 or even 25 percent,
"We must try to reduce total fat," said Dr.Robert Richardson of the University of Edinburgh, who has been studying the effects of fat on human health for years.
"We need to go to more such food as bread, in particular brown bread, and more fruit and vegetables."
Fresh produce may not be so safe, either.Last month the British Government advised consumers to peel their pears before eating, while many Americans briefly avoided apples because of fears over an insect killing chemical.
But Dr.Arnold, a British scientist, said any risk of such poisoning would be outweighed by the costs of not eating plant foods.
"On balance, if you were to put both risks against each other, the advice has to be eating as much fruit and vegetable daily as possible," she said.
In general, doctors conclude, variety truly is the best policy."The general advice is pretty much the same advice that doctors have been talking about for a long time—a varied diet, a mixture of foods and not too much of any one," Arnold said.
1.In which section of the magazine are you most likely to find this passage?
A.Arts and Culture B.Entertainment
C.Nature D.Health
2.The British Government advised consumers to peel their pears before eating because ________.
A.it found that there were insects on the pears
B.it wanted consumers to avoid insect, killing chemicals
C.the skin of pears was found to be bad for people's health
D.it was a bad habit not to peel them
3.The underlined word "outweigh" (Para. 8) means " __________."
A.to be heavier than usual or allowed B.to be more dangerous than
C.to be greater in value or importance than D.to be considered less important than
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Many doctors say that their advice has never been conflicting.
B.Science provides answers to all our questions.
C.We should peel our pears before eating.
D.We should eat plant foods despite the risk of poisoning.
查看习题详情和答案>>
Butter is bad for you—so is margarine(人造黄油).Coffee raises blood pressure, but may protect against cancer.Alcohol is okay, but only if it's wine.The confusing studies on what is safe to eat and drink are enough to make it impossible for anyone to understand what "good food" is.
Take the margarine-butter debate for example.Studies that linked fat—found mostly in animal products such as meat and butter—with cancer and heart disease sent millions rushing to buy margarine.But then another study found that people who ate a lot of margarine also had high levels of heart disease.For those who have a firm faith in science, this seems to be the end of the world.
But many doctors point out that their advice has never been conflicting.For years, and in various countries, they have recommended eating less fat.
People in western countries such as Britain and the United States get about 40 percent of their calories from fat.Doctors say this should be around 30 or even 25 percent,
"We must try to reduce total fat," said Dr.Robert Richardson of the University of Edinburgh, who has been studying the effects of fat on human health for years.
"We need to go to more such food as bread, in particular brown bread, and more fruit and vegetables."
Fresh produce may not be so safe, either.Last month the British Government advised consumers to peel their pears before eating, while many Americans briefly avoided apples because of fears over an insect killing chemical.
But Dr.Arnold, a British scientist, said any risk of such poisoning would be outweighed by the costs of not eating plant foods.
"On balance, if you were to put both risks against each other, the advice has to be eating as much fruit and vegetable daily as possible," she said.
In general, doctors conclude, variety truly is the best policy."The general advice is pretty much the same advice that doctors have been talking about for a long time—a varied diet, a mixture of foods and not too much of any one," Arnold said.
【小题1】In which section of the magazine are you most likely to find this passage?
| A.Arts and Culture | B.Entertainment |
| C.Nature | D.Health |
| A.it found that there were insects on the pears |
| B.it wanted consumers to avoid insect, killing chemicals |
| C.the skin of pears was found to be bad for people's health |
| D.it was a bad habit not to peel them |
| A.to be heavier than usual or allowed | B.to be more dangerous than |
| C.to be greater in value or importance than | D.to be considered less important than |
| A.Many doctors say that their advice has never been conflicting. |
| B.Science provides answers to all our questions. |
| C.We should peel our pears before eating. |
| D.We should eat plant foods despite the risk of poisoning. |