3. Section A 2a

Boy 1: OK. Now we need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.

Girl 1: Yeah, but I’m hungry, Bob. Let’s have lunch first.

Girl 2: No, we can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.

Boy 2: You’re right, Sally. While we talk, I’ll write down all our ideas. Then we can decide which ideas are best.

Girl 1: Um…Well… we could put up signs.

Boy 2: That’s a good idea!

Girl 2: I’ll hand out advertisements after school.

Boy 1: OK. Great! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come.

Boy 2: Hey, we’re coming up with a lot of good ideas, aren’t we?

(1)come up with: think of, find (a solution or an answer)

(2)put off : do sth. later , delay (推迟)

e.g. The sports meeting had to be put off because of the bad weather.

put off sth. / doing sth.

e.g. If it rains, we can put off our football match tomorrow.

　　　 You can’t put off taking the test.

(3)put up: put… in a public place

e.g. We can put up posters around to ask students to go to the English Corner every Monday afternoon.

(4)call up: telephone to; remind … of …

(5)hand in 上交-- hand out下发

e. g. Please hand out the exercise books to the students.

　　 You have to hand in your paper after the exam and mustn’t take it away.

(6)plan to do 计划做某事

plan on doing sth.

e.g. We plan to set up an English club.

We plan on setting up an English club.

2. -I’d like to cheer up sick kids. 我愿意逗生病的孩子开心。 / I’d like to help kids with their schoolwork. 我愿意帮孩子们复习功课。

-You could volunteer in an after-school study program. 你可以在课外学习班做义工。

(1)cheer up sb. = make sb. happier; comfort 使某人振奋、快乐

e.g.　 Cheer up, boy!

　　 The pleasant music can cheer you up when you’re in blue.

(2)volunteer (n.)：a person who performs or offers to perform a service of his or her own free will 志愿者：按他或她自己的自由意愿进行或要求进行服务的人

hospital volunteers　　 医院志愿人员

volunteer firefighters　 志愿消防员

volunteer tutoring　　 志愿导游

e.g.　 He wants to be a volunteer in a village school and help teach the students there.

　　　　 Being volunteers is really a great job.

volunteer (v.)　 help people free of charge 做志愿工作

I could volunteer in 2008 Olympic Games.

He volunteers to help others.

volunteer.. to do sth .自愿做某事

e.g.　 These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.

这三个学生都自愿花时间来帮助别人。

III.　 could表示推测，意思是“大概，可能”，肯定性不大。

e.g. This book could be Mei’s. She studies French.这本书可能是梅的，她学法语。

IV.　 could 用于提出建议。

e.g. You could ask your parents for good ideas if you don’t know whether you should go to meet internet friends.

-What should I do when I don’t know how to go to some place in Beijing?

-You could go to the website “ Go2map” for help.

II. 用于现在时，比can更委婉，或表示虚拟语气。

　　 e.g. Could I help you? 我能帮你做点什么？(比Can I help you?委婉)

　　 e.g. If I could go, I should be glad.假如我能去，那我会很高兴。(表虚拟语气)

1. - I’d like to help homeless people.

- You could give out food at the food bank.

(1)homeless adj. 无家的、无家可归的

　　 -less是否定后缀，通常构成形容词。

　　 英语中有词根、前缀、后缀。记住这些对词汇的积累大有帮助。如：

home (n.) ---- homeless (adj.)　　　　　　 forget (v.) ---- forgetful (adj.)　

care (v.) ---- careful (adj.) / careless (adj.)　 thank (v.) ---- thankful (adj.) / thankless (adj.)

help (v.) ---- helpful (adj.) / helpless (adj.)　 hope (v.) ---- hopeful (adj.) / hopeless (adj.)

(2)Word Note: What is a food bank?

A food bank is a place where you can bring all kinds of food (like cans of soup, peanut butter, baby food) to help other people who are hungry. People can come to the food bank to get food to help feed their families. What else do you think you could bring to the food bank? Do you know what a food bank looks like?

(3)could用法总结：

I. could 是can的过去式，意思是“能够”。

　　 e.g. He could speak English when he was a child.他小时就能说英语了。

4. 认真背诵重点词组中涉及到的常见短语动词，掌握其用法。例如：

put off the plan -- put it off

give away the bike -- give it away　

cheer up the kid -- cheer him/her up　　

hand out the books -- hand them out　

重点、难点讲解：

3. 及物短语动词所带宾语的位置

　　 (1)名词作宾语时，一般放在短语动词之后，有的也放在中间。

　　　 e.g. He took off his coat. / He took his coat off.

　　 (2)代词作宾语时，大多数情况下，放在短语动词的中间，有时放在后边。

　　　 e .g. He took it off. 他把它脱掉了。

I’m looking for them. 我正在找他们。

I will give this old coat away. (give away this old coat / give it away.)

我将把这件旧外衣送掉。

2. 短语动词也有及物的和不及物的分别，及物的短语动词必须接宾语，不及物的短语动词则不需要接宾语。如：

look for 是及物短语动词，look out是不及物短语动词。

注意：有的短语动词可能有两种或更多不同的意思，有些是及物动词，有些是不及物动词。

如：take off意为“拿掉”，是及物动词。　

take off意为“起飞”，是不及物动词。

1. 现代英语中，动词之后加介词或副词构成短语，表达一种特定的含义，称为短语动词。短语动词如果被拆开，则不能表达这种特定的含义。要把这些习惯用法看作一个整体。

如：come

come out

come in

come up with

9. We need to come up with some ideas.

重点语法：短语动词