摘要: 不少的语法书上说.before引导的从句习惯上不与否定的主句连用.要用until.实际上二者都可以.有时在意义上有些区别.试比较: He didn't arrive until I returned. 直到我回来时他才到达. He did not arrive before I returned. 在我回来之前他尚未到达. I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你解释了如何干.我才设法完成了那项工作. I didn't manage to do it before you had explained how. 你解释了如何干之后.我才设法完成了那件工作.

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完成句子。
阅读下列各小题,根据每句后的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子.
1.Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times____________________quickly
can save lives.(aid)
一般情况下,疾病或者伤情不是很严重,但是也有一些时候快速地实施急救能够救命.
2.Burns are called first, second or third degree burns,____________________which layers of skin
are burned.(depend)
烫伤分一级、二级和三级,这取决于被烫伤的是哪一层皮肤.
3.Second degree burns are serious and________________.(take; heal)
二级烫伤较严重,需要几周康复.
4.____________________clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed?(think)
你认为为什么要把烫伤部位附近的衣服和首饰除去呢?
5.I am proud of what I did but I was just doing____________________.(teach)
我为自己所做的事感到自豪,但是我只是在做教给我的东西.
6.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of the Internet____________________.(need)
随着网络的普及,一个新的问题出现了--隐私需要保护.
7.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____________________. (disagree)
你说人人平等,这就是我不同意的地方.
8.Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people____________________yet.
(prove)
昨晚的电视新闻上说到那时为止失踪的人当中的死亡人数还未被证实.
9.I didn't hear what you said; I ____________________the picture.(look)
我没听到你说的话,我在看那张照片.
10.The song has never been heard ____________________since 1945.(sing)
从1945年起就再也没有听过有人唱起这首歌了.
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语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。

Research has shown that motivation is very important in learning a language; you need to be enthusiastic at it and to be interested in it. Different people will have different motives(动机)—the desire    promotion, the hope of being able to study abroad, and the pure intellectual enjoyment are only some of the possible motives. But actually wanting to learn is   most important motive of all. Courage is an essential attribute in learning a language.    takes a lot of courage to speak a foreign language either in front of your friends  to native speakers, but don’t be afraid of making mistakes—that is the way we learn. Nowadays there are many different forms of English, each with its own construction and accent, and so long as you can make yourself  (understand) and can understand what is said to you, you have succeeded in communicating, which is the purpose of any language.

Curiosity is not only a possible motivation, it is also of great help in your learning. Remember that a language is not just a grammatical system. It is the outcome of a certain culture or different cultures. It is no good      (learn) strings of words and lists of grammatical rules unless you know as much as possible about the background of the language. So learn as much as   can about the different cultures which influence English—watch television programs, listen to the radio, try to obtain newspapers which

  (write) by native speakers. They will show you a language is really used. English language is not an abstract system. Instead, it is a living form of  (express).

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