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“进化”不了的爱
孙君飞
进化论包含着残酷的丛林法则,也隐含着生命的自私自利性。一个生命个体要想很好地生存下去,必须要将自己变得更优秀,学会“排他”,否则优胜劣汰的只能是自己。不过,人们在观察工蜂时,惊讶地发现,它们并未受到进化论的影响,它们混沌若当初,或者说它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神,这使它们成为生命进化中的另类。
工蜂属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能够产卵,也只是没有受精的卵,因此它们自身没有繁殖能力。这种缺陷可怕而又不幸,然而工蜂对此无动于衷,甘愿终身携带着缺陷而生,从未奢望将自身进化得更完美更强悍。值得称道的是,工蜂的适应性反而很强大,它们拥有相当厉害的武器——毒刺,刺上长有倒钩,一旦“亮剑”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的双刃剑,在伤及侵害者的同时,自己的生命也面临着终结。
蜜蜂家族中令人难以置信的社会结构更加震惊着世人的心灵,在这里一切都那么井然有序,合乎“法则”,一切又那么一往情深,合乎“生命之爱”。蜜蜂的利他主义行为也许会让达尔文难以理解,失去繁殖能力却能够将各种特征和习性一代代传承下去的工蜂可能更让达尔文目瞪口呆吧。答案其实很简单,一切都源于蜜蜂与众不同的遗传结构。换言之,存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强,只有它们才会驱使工蜂去鞠躬尽瘁地照顾其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命,甚至为对方牺牲自己,却无怨无悔。
蜂后产下的受精卵天生高贵,常常会孵化出雌性幼蜂,而延续高贵的办法只有一个:它们只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王浆之后,才能发育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后,否则它们在长大后依然属于工蜂——从出生时开始,便将生命献给蜂群、终日辛劳的工蜂!
由于小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同,从身形外貌上看,彼此也几乎一模一样,这也许使工蜂顿感一阵甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然:站在我面前的,莫不是又一个“我”?我由此获得了新生,得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂养小蜂后的过程中,彼此的血缘关系升至最亲密最牢固。它们原本不是毫不相关的两个,而是见证生命延续、利他友爱的两个。因为相同的基因存活在它们的生命之中,工蜂在潜意识里将蜂后看得比自己的生命更为重要,为了对方、也为了另一个“我”和“我们”,它们可以在必要时完全放弃自己现实的生命及其未来。
(选自在《思维与智慧》有删节)
下列关于“工蜂”的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是
A.作为生命个体,工蜂的生命隐含着自私自利性,要想不被淘汰,它必须将自己变得更优秀,学会“排他”。
B.工蜂之所以成为生命进化中的另类,是因为它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神,并未受到进化论的影响。
C.工蜂的适应性很强,尾部长有倒钩的毒刺是相当厉害的武器,在伤及侵害者的同时,工蜂的生命也意味着终结。
D.从出生开始,就为蜂群而终日辛劳的工蜂,能把各种特征和习性一代代传承下去,靠的是与众不同的遗传结构。
下列有关“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述,符合原文意思的一项是
A.蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂,产下的受精卵天生高贵,孵化出雌性幼蜂,幼蜂长大以后就成为新一代蜂后。
B.工蜂自身没有繁殖能力,属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能够产卵,也只是没有受精的卵,不能孵化幼蜂。
C.存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强,它驱使工蜂分泌蜂王浆,鞠躬尽瘁地照顾和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。
D.蜂后负责产卵,工蜂负责喂养幼蜂,因而小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同,身形外貌上也几乎一模一样。
下列根据原文信息所作的推断,不正确的一项是
A.采粉、酿蜜、饲喂幼虫的工蜂是蜂群的主体,儿歌唱的“小蜜蜂,整天忙,采花蜜,酿蜜糖”,指的就是工蜂。
B.蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序,合乎“法则”,合乎“生命之爱”,人类如果借鉴了这种社会结构.可能会更有利于社会和谐。
C.为了蜂后和后代,工蜂不惜牺牲自己,是因为它们有奉献精神,潜意识里将蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。
D.工蜂一生从事的是利他的事业,而不是优化自己的结构来繁衍后代,从这一点来看, 达尔文的进化论“适者生存”不科学。
查看习题详情和答案>>Remember how great exercise was when you were a little kid? Back then,racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours,you weren't thinking fitness,you were thinking entertainment.But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused(未充分利用的)gym memberships,the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten.Rediscovering it will give you a total-body exercise you can find.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise,jumping rope has never gained widespread acceptance because of two fundamental reasons.First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise,but they also believe that it is simply too difficult.In other words,they don't think they'll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes that it takes to achieve a beneficial physical result.Second, many view it as somewhat boring and too repetitive-not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact,jumping rope can be great fun if you find a proper way to practise it.Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce over and over again,people good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps.A single bounce,a double bounce,a skip,a knee-up,side swings,as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping.
Now researchers are learning that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning.It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres(半球)to perform in parallel(并行地)to each other.In short,jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment,time and space,yet leading to a much healthier life.
【小题1】From the first paragraph we learn that_______ .
| A.all people now have more advanced equipment |
| B.jumping rope has disappeared from people's memories |
| C.racing around the playground was preferred |
| D.people now like to have exercise in a gym |
| A.it benefits the cardiovascular system |
| B.it requires little equipment,time and space |
| C.it is neither easy nor enjoyable |
| D.it is considered boring |
| A.there are many ways to follow |
| B.the usual way should not be used |
| C.the easiest way is always the best |
| D.there is only one proper way to follow |
| A.only prepares the brain for learning. |
| B.is suitable for students only |
| C.helps both brain hemispheres work together |
| D.can be dangerous for old people |
| A.He is arguing against it. | B.He is sitting on the fence of it. |
| C.He is in favor of it. | D.He is not clear about it. |
最近,许多人提议在节假日开放中小学和大专院校的体育场馆,以方便市民锻炼身体。他们的提议得到了不少人的支持,也遭到了一些人的反对。请用英语写一篇短文,反映下表内容,并谈谈你的看法。
| 支持者的观点 | 反对者的观点 | 你的看法 |
| 1. 政府一直唱到全体公民参加健身活动; 2. 健康的公民可为国家节约医疗费用。 | 1. 给学校的管理带来不便,对学校的安全造成潜在威胁; 2. 学校的场馆设施可能被损坏。 | 1. 充分利用资源; 2. 学校更好服务社会; 3. ? |
注意:
1. 词数:120左右
2. 第一段已给出,但不计入总词数。
Recently many people have suggested schools and universities keep their gymnasiums and playgrounds open in the holidays for citizens to take exercise. The common people welcome the suggestion warmly while many schools and universities are against it. 查看习题详情和答案>>
第四部分:书面表达(25分)
你是在校大学生李华,暑假前夕有一天在学校的告示板上看到下面一则寻找家教的广告,你打算按要求写一封信去应聘并留下自己的联络电话:88866907
WANTED:TUTOR FOR TWO SENIOR3 BOYS
Requirement:
Good communicational skills
Good at all Senior High subjects
Freshman and above(大学一年级以上)
Enjoy sharing experience with others
Work time: 9:00, Mon. Fri. July 10 to Aug 10
Payment: 100 yuan per hour
Mr Allen Lee
写作内容应包括以下要点:
1. 说明自己有资格担任此家庭教师,是学校的优秀学生,各科成绩优秀
2. 有充分系统的备考资料,深刻的备考高考体会乐意与他人分享
3. 自己在校时积极参与各项活动,善于与他人相处
参考词汇:
优秀学生one of the top ten students
高考备考资料materials for the preparation of the College Entrance Examination
注意:
可适当增加细节,使行文连贯;2.词数120左右;
3.信的开头和结尾已给出,但不计入词数中
Dear Mr. Allen Lee,
I am writing to ask for the tutor job for the two Senior 3 boys.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I look forward to your reply at 88866907
Yours sincerely,
Li Hu
Remember how great exercise was when you were a little kid? Back then,racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours,you weren't thinking fitness,you were thinking entertainment.But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused(未充分利用的)gym memberships,the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten.Rediscovering it will give you a total-body exercise you can find.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise,jumping rope has never gained widespread acceptance because of two fundamental reasons.First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise,but they also believe that it is simply too difficult.In other words,they don't think they'll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes that it takes to achieve a beneficial physical result.Second, many view it as somewhat boring and too repetitive-not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact,jumping rope can be great fun if you find a proper way to practise it.Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce over and over again,people good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps.A single bounce,a double bounce,a skip,a knee-up,side swings,as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping.
Now researchers are learning that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning.It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres(半球)to perform in parallel(并行地)to each other.In short,jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment,time and space,yet leading to a much healthier life.
1.From the first paragraph we learn that_______ .
A.all people now have more advanced equipment
B.jumping rope has disappeared from people's memories
C.racing around the playground was preferred
D.people now like to have exercise in a gym
2.Rope jumping has not spread widely because_______ .
A.it benefits the cardiovascular system
B.it requires little equipment,time and space
C.it is neither easy nor enjoyable
D.it is considered boring
3.The first sentence in the 3rd paragraph implies_____ .
A.there are many ways to follow
B.the usual way should not be used
C.the easiest way is always the best
D.there is only one proper way to follow
4.According to the researchers, jumping rope _____.
A.only prepares the brain for learning.
B.is suitable for students only
C.helps both brain hemispheres work together
D.can be dangerous for old people
5.What is the author's attitude towards rope jumping?
A.He is arguing against it. B.He is sitting on the fence of it.
C.He is in favor of it. D.He is not clear about it.
查看习题详情和答案>>