摘要:动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not,不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如: Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里. My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事. 被动语态 英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者. 构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 一般现在时:承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 一般过去时:承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 一般将来时:承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 现在完成时:承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 含情态动词:承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 被动语态用法: 1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁.或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时.需用被动语态. 2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态. 3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者. 主动语态变为被动语态时.其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致.其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致. 主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况: 1)主语+谓语动词+宾语 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语. We bought a book yesterday. The book was bought yesterday. 2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语.多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语.如果直接宾语变为主语时.间接宾语前要加介词to / for. 多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语.如果直接宾语变为主语的化.间接宾语前要加介词to / for He showed me a book yesterday. I was showed a book yesterday. The book was showed to me yesterday. 3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语 含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语.变为被动语态时.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.宾语补足语保留不变.成为主语补足语. I found him a good pupil. He was found a good pupil. 4)短语动词变为被动语态 有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词.其后可以接宾语.因此它们也有被动语态.但短语动词是不可分割的整体.变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词. We should look after the patients very well. The patients should be looked after very well by us. 5)宾语从句变为被动语态 若主动语态中是宾语从句.变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语.而把真正的主语放在后面. It’s said that he passed the exam. 被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题: (1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语.在变为被动语态时.仍然要带上介词. The students in class listen to the teacher carefully. The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. (2)当动词带有复合宾语时.并且宾补是省去“to 的动词不定式时.在被动语态中应加上“to . They make do all the work. We were made to do all the work. We often hear her sing English songs. She is often heard to sing English songs. I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 模拟试题 I. 听力测试略 II. 语言知识(共15小题.每题1分.满分为15分) 请你从A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳的选项.

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Millie is interviewing Sigmund Friend for the school newsletter.Complete their conversation.Use the correct‘wh-’words and‘to’-infinitives.You can use some words more than once.

米莉正在为学校通讯社采访西格蒙德。完成他们的对话。用以‘wh-’开头的单词+to-动词不定式的结构。有些单词可以多次使用。

  Millie:Can you tell me about your job, Mr friend?

  Sigmund:Yes, of course.Many students write to me and ask me(1)how to solve their problems.I always give them my advice and tell them(2)________.

  Millie:What problems do most students have?

  Sigmund:Many can't decide(3)________ and(4)________.They just need to learn(5)________ a balance between work and play.

  Millie:I agree.Sometimes, I just get too much homework and I really don't know(6)________ first.I feel stressed from time to time.Can you tell us(7)________ to and(8)________ help when we have problems?

  Sigmund:Yes.First, you can talk to your parents, teachers or friends.Second, you can get help from youth workers at your own school.

  Millie:Thanks for your valuable advice.

  Sigmund:You're welcome.

  米莉:弗雷德先生,你能介绍一下你的工作吗?

  西格蒙德:好的,当然。许多学生写信给我,向我询问如何解决他们的烦恼。我总是给他们建议,并告诉________。

  米莉:学生们的主要烦恼是什么?

  西格蒙德:许多学生不能决定________和________。他们只不过要懂得如何在学习和玩之间能够达到一个平衡。

  米莉:我同意你的观点。有时候我有太多的作业,我确实不知道首先________。我经常感到有压力。你能告诉我们当我们有烦恼时________和________帮助?

  西格蒙德:好的。首先你可以同你的父母、老师或朋友谈谈。其次,你可以从学校青年工作者那里得到帮助。

  米莉:谢谢你的宝贵意见。

  西格蒙德:不客气。

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用am,is或are填空,然后总结其用法。

(1)That's my father and this ________ my mother.

(2)This is my cousin and that ________ my sister.

  (3)-________she your sister?

  -Yes, she ________.

  (4)-And ________ he your brother?

  -No. He's my friend.

  (5)-________ Guo Peng your brother?

  -Yes, he ________.

(6)I ________ his friend. I'm not his brother.

  (7)-________ you Jack's brother?

  -No, I'm not. I ________ his cousin.

(8)These ________ my grandparents.

  (9)-________ this your aunt?

  -Yes, it ________.

(10)These ________ my parents, those ________ my grandfather and grandmother.

(11)These are my brothers. They ________ Jeff and Jack.

(12)They aren't my sisters. They ________ my friends.

am用于第一人称单数I之后;is用于第三人称单数ge,she,it以及相当于he,she或it;are用于第二人称或所有人称的复数,表达“是”的意思。可用下面的口诀来帮助记忆:“我用am你用are,is用于他她它,复数全都要用are”。

I am…可以缩写成I'm,he is可以缩写成 he's,she is可以缩写成加she's,it is可以缩写成it's,而we are,you are,they are可分别编写成we're,you're,they're。am,is,are的否定形式是在后面加not,如:am not,is not,are not。is not通常缩写为isn't,而are not通常缩写为aren't。如:

(1)I'm Alice, I'm not Mary. She's Mary.

(2)This isn't my brother. He's my cousin.

(3)They're my brothers. They aren't my friends.

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