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| A good dictionary is 1 important tool (工具). It will tell you 2 only what a word means but 3 how it 4 . A dictionary needs to be printed again about every ten years. Languages develop (发展) and a good dictionary must 5 these new changes. A new English dictionary will only tell you 6 most people use the language today. It will not tell you what is right 7 wrong. It may tell you the right time to use a word. If only 8 people use a word, a dictionary will 9 tell you this or not list (编列) it. 10 dictionary will tell you many interesting facts. If you type (用打字机打) a word and the word is too long, 11 in your dictionary. All dictionaries show you 12 to break (拆开) a word. And they also show you how a word 13 . Every dictionary, of course, tells you what a word means. But some words, like "get" or "take", may have lots of meanings (意思). In some dictionaries, the main (主要的) meanings are often listed first. In 14 , the newest meanings are listed last. So before you use your dictionary, you should always 15 the front part. This part explains 16 . Some dictionaries also show you where a word comes 17 . Do you know that the word "brand" (标记) comes from an old word? This old word means "to burn". This is because 18 years ago people burned their names on tables or boats to show who 19 them. They also burned their own names on their farm animals 20 they would not be stolen. Your dictionary also has a lot of other interesting facts in it. After you have learned to use a dictionary, it can become your best useful book. |
| ( )1. A. a ( )2. A. no ( )3. A. too ( )4. A. uses ( )5. A. to show ( )6. A. how ( )7. A. and ( )8. A. a little ( )9. A. neither ( )10. A. Every ( )11. A. look up it ( )12. A. when ( )13. A. speaks ( )14. A. another ( )15. A. see ( )16. A. how use it ( )17. A. into ( )18. A. hundreds of ( )19. A. builds ( )20. A.when |
B. an B. that B. either B. is using B. show B. what B. or B. many B. nor B. Some B. look for it B. where B. is spoke B. the other B. look B. to how use it B. up B. hundred of B. makes B. in order to |
C. the C. not C. yet C. is used C. shows C. why C. but C. a few C. both C. All C. look it up C. why C. be spoken C. others C. watch C. how to use it C. by C. a hundred of C. build C. so that |
D. very D. if D. also D. used D. be shown D. if D. not D. a lot of D. either D. Many D. look it out D. which D. is spoken D. other D. read D. to how to use it D. from D. hundred D. made D. before |
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People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people think begin counting with their first fingers, which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.
Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have word for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.
In a similar study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量),not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math, too.
小题1:The writer begins with the four questions in order to______.
| A.make a survey | B.interest readers |
| C.tell a story | D.solve math problems |
| A.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S. |
| B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten. |
| C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting |
| D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting. |
| A.They have only a few words for numbers |
| B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers |
| C.They can only count to five on their fingers |
| D.They can understand different ideas about numbers |
| A.people all over the world know how to count |
| B.People of the tribe have words for number |
| C.Some groups of people are not smart enough to count |
| D.Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe |
| A.people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math |
| B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans |
| C.In some aboriginal culture,people don’t even know how to count |
| D.Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers. |