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　　Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, in 1820．She lived in a well-to-do 　　1　　 who lived half the year in their summer house and the other half in their 　　2　　 house．Florence and her sister never went to school．They were 　　3　　 at home by their father．Her parents believed it was the duty of girls to marry and have children．They considered it 　　4　　 for girls to go to school．

　　When Florence was 17 years old, she decided to become a 　　5　　．Her parents said nursing was a job for poor women．　　6　　, Florence had made up her mind, and during a visit to Germany, she went to a 　　7　　 school and learned about nursing．When she came back to England, she got a job as a nurse in London．

　　When she was about 35 years old, England was fighting a war in Russia．Florence was 　　8　　 to lead a team of female nurses in Russia, to 　　9　　 the sick and injured English soldiers．Florence accepted it and went there with 38 nurses．It was the 　　10　　 time that female nurses had worked on observations of their patients and to be sensitive(敏感的，灵敏的)to their needs．The nurses were a great success, and all the 　　11　　 were happy with the care the nurses gave them．

　　After the war, she went back to London and continued to work for the 　　12　　．A few years 　　13　　, she started a training school for nurses where she taught her methods．She also wrote a book 　　14　　 Notes for Nurses．This book was very popular and helped to change the way that nursing was done．

　　She never 　　15　　 and lived alone until she was 90 years old．She died in London in 1910．

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