Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer ₃ according to a study led by a Michigan State University scholar that has implications for the fast-growing e-commerce industry. The findings may come as a surprise given that shopping online is an anonymous(匿名的）process that seemingly can give consumers more confidence to drive a hard bargain_,said Don Conlon ，Professor of Management in MSU’s Broad College of Business.
But the study found that participants who made their own offers were less successful in sealing the deal and ，when they were successful_? worried they overpaid Many shoppers found the process of researching an offer to be a hassle. “ Americans are very busy，and it’s less time-consuming to be the one receiving the offer rather than the one proposing the offer  ” Conlon said. ^u People tend to be happier when they’re in the receiver role. ”
Online spending in the United States is expected to jump 45 percent in the next four years， from $ 226 billion this year to $ 327 billion in 2017，according to Forrester Research Inc. Nevertheless, researches into this prosperous market remain largely focused on the strategies of companies, rather than those o£ shoppers. Conlon^’s study is ，obviously, a rare exception.
Conlon got the idea for the study after considering the difference between two popular sites for hotels and airline flights, priceline.com, which takes bids, and hotwire.com ，which provides offers. Using these two models ，Conlon and his fellow researchers conducted a series of experiments with more than 850 people who were charged with booking a fictional hotel room and acquiring a fictional antique car. Not only did participants prefer to receive bids, Conlon said ，but they also secured more deals in that receiver role. Further ，when they had to make the bids ，they were left more mentally taxed and regretful.
From an industry perspective，putting customers in the receiver role may help fill more hotel rooms and airplane seats. “If you’re a business with a lot of products₃ ” Conlon said，“you may want to be the one making the offers. ” However, when selling single items, such as an antique car， accepting bids may be a better option since that typically drives up the price, he said.
【小题1】What can we learn from Para. 1?

第四节：按要求完成下列句子（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

81.Tom broke the window with a stone yesterday . (改为强调句, 强调划线的部分。)

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82.I will teach the pupils English in the school next month. (改为被动语态)

___________________________________________________________.

83.I helped him after he had apologized to me. (用only改为部分倒装句)

___________________________________________________________.

84.John doesn’t speak French. ( 我也不会说法语)Nor ____________ I .

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85.The teacher asked, “how did you repair the computer?”  (改为间接引语)

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Cathy、Jason、Kate、Wayne和Frank各自打算订一份杂志。第46一50题是他们的个人情况介绍。阅读下面六种杂志的简介（A、B、C、D、E和F），选出符合各人需要的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
（注意：若答案为 E 请涂AB ；若答案为F，请涂 CD）。
【小题1】A young mother raising her first child, Cathy tries to spend as much time as she can playing with her baby girl. She is eager to get more knowledge of child development and to better understand how young children look at the world.
【小题2】Jason is a successful young businessman. He travels widely and enjoys adventures and challenges. Having been to many different countries, Jason is still looking for new places to visit. His biggest dream is to see every corner of the world before he retires.
【小题3】Smart and pretty, Kate is very popular among her friends. She takes great care of how she looks and has a great interest in fashion and the lifestyle of famous people. Besides, she also enjoys reading articles written especially for young girls.
【小题4】Wayne teaches science in a middle school. He not only wants his students to know more about the modern science, but also tries hard to develop a curiosity about nature among his students. He is gathering materials for his students to read.
【小题5】Frank is the father of a 10-year-old boy. He believes that in this fast-developing world parents should prepare their children fro lifelong learning at an early age. Therefore, in his opinion, the most important skill for children to learn is to discover things on their own. He is looking for a magazine for his son.
A