阅读理解

    1   The first, and perhaps the most important, is whether to bury the body or cremate(火化)it.

  Cremation is the act of burning the body until only the ashes are left.The ashes are placed in a container called an urn(骨灰盒).The urn is often put on display during the memorial service.  2   Or they may bury them in the earth, place them in a tomb or scatter them in a special place.

  It is said that cremations were used in almost 35% of funerals in 2009.  3   And the cremation rate is expected to increase to almost 59% by 2025.

  While cremation has grown in popularity, most families in the United States still choose to bury their loved ones.

  After death, the person’s body is usually embalmed(进行防腐处理)to preserve it until the funeral is held.A traditional full service funeral usually includes a public viewing.This is called a wake.The body is placed in a special burial box called a coffin.  4   The service may include music and comments about the loved one by family members and friends.A religious leader may also talk about the person and offer spiritual comfort to the family.After the service, family members and friends go to the gravesite where the body is buried or placed in a tomb.

    5   A traditional full service funeral averages about 6,000 dollars.Flowers, funeral cars and special burial requests can increase the cost to more than 10,000 dollars.Cremations usually cost thousands of dollars less.

A.Then a memorial service is held.

B.This was an 11% increase from 1999.

C.American funerals can be quite costly.

D.American families are in deep sorrow when a loved one dies.

E.After the ceremony, the family may keep the ashes in their home.

F.American families have several decisions to make when a loved one dies.

G.More families choose cremations due to environmental protection, though they are more expensive.

Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.There is one extra heading which you do not need.

I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous.Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely?

1._________

This question is answered by Dr Marcia M.Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt.She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares

2._________

My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions.Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush.If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and come to no harm.

3._________

Almost all medicines have a negative effect-or even be deadly-if they are not taken as directed.So you are right-fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities.It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist.Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare-in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning.

4.__________

Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities(牙洞)as long as it is used correctly.If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases.If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate first-aid could save a life.A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting.If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

5.__________

Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis.The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children.It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already present in drinking water.

根据短文内容,从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

1._________

European television had the idea of taking ordinary people and turning them into “stars” by putting them in unusual situation.“Big Brother”(created in Holland)was one of the first.A group of people were locked in a small house with cameras running 24 hours a day.It was called a “watch and dial(拨电话)”show because viewers vote by telephone to decide who should leave or stay.

2._________

“Big Brother” was probably the fist of the new reality shows, but such a programme has developed.Many have found appeal by having a theme to them, but most are based on the principle of “survival of the fittest”by eliminating participants as the series progresses.So we have the dating shows where winners either pair off or stay true to their partners outside the TV studio.Then there are those that test people’s abilities for specific jobs like running a kitchen, becoming an interior designer or a top model.

3._________

Critics say these programmes are basically bad television, but people watch them.So why are there so many of them? For the viewer it’s an opportunity to “people watch”.It’s natural to like watching other people.They’re interesting.We can imagine what we would do in that situation.We get to know the characters and see them grow and develop week after week.And of course, television is the perfect place to watch people.Like the theatre or cinema we can look at other people and they can’t look back.But with television, we can watch in the privacy of our own homes, We watch, but we don’t have to admit it to anyone.

4.__________

The TV companies like reality shows because they are cheap to produce and attract younger viewers, which advertisers like.The last “Big Brother” in Britain attracted enormous advertising revenue.They aren’t dependent on “star” actors with enormous salaries.And your actors won’t go on strike.And why do people participate in them? Well, for fame and money of course.In the past, appearing on television wasn’t for ordinary people.You had to be good at something, like sport, or reading the news, or acting.But not any more

5._________

It seems that most shows do well at the beginning but then the viewing figures begin to fall.And it varies from country to country too.For example ,one show had an adopted child try to guess the identity of her real father, and another had a family arguing over an inheritance.Both were cancelled after one episode.Perhaps the novelty has worn off.Certainly, reality TV seems to appeal much more to the younger audience.And now there are so many shows around even the young have become more critical.Reality show will probably survive-it’s just no longer so easy to make a successful one.

根据短文内容,从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

1._________

You may have goals of losing weight, dreaming of pursuing a passion or interest, plans of achieving success in your career and relationships, but without positive motivation, all these remain goals, plans and dreams if you are not motivated to achieve them and make them into reality.Positive thoughts play a major role in your outlook in life and in giving you the motivation to reach for you dreams.If you are optimistic that you can do the task at hand, or you can reach your goals, you will be motivated to take those steps towards achieving it.

2._________

Whether it is nature’s beauty, or great relationships from friends and family, being able to find inspiration has a positive impact in getting yourself motivated to do what you want to achieve and live a better life, so strive to make friends and keep a happy relationship with your family.

3.__________

One of the things that can contribute to lack of motivation is doing the same things every day and getting stuck into it without knowing where you are heading.Sometimes you have to explore other opportunities, learn new skills and explore other interests.Do not be afraid to take risks, explore new ways of achieving your goals and get out of your comfort zone at times to discover new things around you and take advantage of new opportunities in life.

4.__________

A tired and stressed body most often leads to lack of motivation to do what you want to do.Have a regular exercise.This will not only make you become stronger physically but will also lift up your mood to tackle(处理)life’s challenges each day.

5.__________

Most often, we feel mostly motivated if there is a need to do it.Finding the reason why you live your life each day will truly make everything easy and help you get motivated.Dedicating(致力于)your efforts to someone you love and treasure is also a good motivation that you can give yourself.No matter what challenges you have to face, for as long as you know that you are doing it for someone you love, you will find yourself motivated to do it.

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