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　　Mark Twain was a great writer．He was from the USA．He was born in 1835．He was also a famous speaker．He was famous for his sense of humour．Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time．

　　　　 One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing．Before he was going to leave, one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes in the town and told him that he’d better not go there．Mark Twain waved(摇动)his hand and said, “It doesn’t matter．The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine．I don’t think they will come to visit me．”

　　After he arrived at the town, Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station．He went into his room, but when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him．The waiters felt very sorry about that．“I’m very sorry, Mr Mark Twain．There are too many mosquitoes in our town．” One of them said to him．

　　Mark Twain, however, made a joke, saying to the waiter, “The mosquitoes are very clever．They know my room number．They didn’t come into the wrong room．” What he said made all the people present laugh heartily．

　　But that night Mark Twain slept well．Do you know why? That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night．

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　　There's a lot of discussion these days about healthy kids．People who care(parents, doctors, teachers, and others)want to know how to help kids be more healthy．

　　Being healthy is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activity(exercise), and has a healthy weight．If you're healthy, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do．Here are five rules to live by, if you're a kid who wants to be healthy．

　　Eat a Variety of Foods, Especially Fruits and Vegetables．You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety．If you eat different foods, you're more likely to get the nutrients(营养)your body needs．Taste new foods and old ones you haven't tried for a while．Get at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day－two fruits and three vegetables．

　　Drink Water and Milk Most Often．When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No．1 for you．Kids need calcium(钙)to build strong bones, and milk is a great source of this mineral．How much do kids need? Aim for 3 cups of milk per day．You can mix it up by having milk and some other calcium-rich dairy foods．

　　Be Active．One job you have as a kid－and it's a fun one－is that you get to figure out which activities you like best．Not everyone loves baseball or soccer．Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities regularly．Find ways to be active every day．You might even write down a list of fun stuff to do, so you can refer to it when your mom or dad says it's time to stop watching TV or playing computer games!

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　　It was a Sunday morning and I was in a terrible mood．Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadn’t invited me．I was in my room thinking of ways to make them sorry when my father came in and said, “Want to go for a ride, today, Beck?”

　　“No! Leave me alone!” Those were the last words I said to him that morning．

　　My friends invited me to go to the mall with them a few hours later．I forgot to be mad at them and went．I came home to find a note on the table．My mother put it where I would be sure to see it．“Dad has had an accident．Please meet us at Highland Park Hospital．”

　　When I reached the hospital，my mother came out and told me my father’s injuries were extensive．“Your father told the driver to leave him alone and just call 911，thank God! If he had moved Daddy，there’s no telling what might have happened．A broken rib(肋骨)might have pieced(穿透)a lung…” My mother might have said more, but I didn’t hear anything except those terrible words：leave me alone．

　　It was several days later that he was finally able to have a conversation．I held his hand gently, afraid of hurting him．“Daddy…I am so sorry…” “It’s okay, sweetheart．” “No,”I said, “I mean about what I said to you that day．”

　　My father never tells lies but he looked at me and said, “I don’t remember anything about that day, not before, during or after the accident．I remember kissing you goodnight the night before, though．” I regretted for my thoughtless words．

　　My English teacher once told me that words have immeasurable power．They can hurt or they can heal．And we all have the power to choose our words．

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　　Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake．Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and a larger earthquake might happen．Try your best to move to a nearby safe place and stay indoors until the shaking has stopped．

　　Stay under a strong table or other piece of furniture; and　hold on until the shaking stops．If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩)in an inside corner of the building．

　　Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall．

　　Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside．Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave．

　　Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops．The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls．Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury．Most earthquake-related casualties(伤亡)result from falling walls, flying glass, and falling objects．

　　Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle．Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires．

　　_________

　　Do not light a match．

　　Do not move about or kick up dust．

　　Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing．

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　　London is one of the most popular places in the world for tourists to visit．If you’re planning a trip to London in the future, you’re in luck．There are a variety of attractions for you to enjoy．

　　One of the most popular attractions in London is the Tower of London．Founded more than　900 years ago, the Tower of London is one of the world’s most famous towers and has many changes throughout the years．Here, you can also find some ravens(渡鸦), which live in the tower．

　　Another popular place to visit is Westminster Abbey．It was founded in 1065 by Edward the Conqueror．Visitors to Westminster Abbey enjoy its beautiful unique gothic architecture(哥特式的建筑风格)．There are also lots of memorials of Kings and Queens to enjoy．Excellent transportation is available here by bus or tube from many locations in London．

　　Buckingham Palace is another place with a rich history to discover．It’s the official residence(官邸)of Queen Elizabeth II．During August and September, you can visit the State Rooms and see the Changing of the Guards．Be sure to check the opening time before you make plans to visit the Palace because it is not open year round．

　　If you want to enjoy the one of London’s most beautiful gardens, Hyde Park is the place for you．There are many activities to join, including swimming, tennis, and horse riding．In addition, many concerts are performed in Hyde Park．There’s also a playground available for the kids．It’s suggested that you should not drive because there are limited number of parking spaces available because of the popularity of the Park．

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　　Surtsey was born in 1963．Scientists saw the birth of this island．It began at 7.30 a. m. on 14th

November．A fishing boat was near Iceland．The boat moved under the captain's(船长)feet．He noticed a strange smell．He saw some black smoke．A volcano(火山)was breaking out．Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom(底部)of the sea．The island grew quickly．It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November．

　　Scientists flew there to watch．It was exciting．Smoke and fire were still rushing up．Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea．The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky．Surtsey grew and grew．Then it stopped in June 1967．It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long．And life was already coming to Surtsey．Plants grew．Birds came．Some scientists built a house．They want to learn about this young island．A new island is like a new world．

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　　Norm Pethrick, a 36-year-old man in Australia’s northern city Darwin, was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile’s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported．

　　Ms Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged(扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater．

　　Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her．He jumped onto the back, poked(戳)the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free．

　　Ms Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment．The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds(伤口)in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers．

　　“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation,” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital(RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report．

　　He said Ms Pethrick was saved by her husband’s “quick and diligent actions”．

　　Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria(细菌)on the teeth of the crocodile．

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　　Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the Bug-eyed Monster, embodying every feature that most people find unpleasant．This is unfortunate because it degrades a worthwhile literary endeavor．Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe．Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form does quite the same things．What is science fiction? To begin, the following definition should be helpful：science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates(以…为前提)a change(for human beings)from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion．?

　　The first point that science fiction is a literary subgenre is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked．Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel．There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger．To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction(小说)is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories．

　　Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction．Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, characters, setting, and language．The themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man's nature and experience around him．Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction．They are the result to a particular combination of a narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language．In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel．

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St Paul's Cathedral

Ludgate Hill, EC4

　　Underground：St Paul's; Bus：6, 8, 11, 15, 22, 25

　　Open：Daily 8∶00－19∶00(17∶00 from Oct．to Mar．)．Entrance free

　　Designed by the great architect, Sir Christopher Wren, St Paul's Cathedral was built following the Great Fire of London of 1666, which destroyed the gothic cathedral on the site at that time．It is crowned by a magnificent dome and its choir(唱诗班)is internationally famous．Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer were married here in 1981．

　　Buckingham Palace

　　South end of the Mall(SW1)

　　Underground：St．James's Park, Victoria, Hyde Park Corner, Green Park; Bus：2, 11, 14, 16, 19, 22, 24, 29, 30, 38, 52, 73, 74, 137

　　Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the monarch(君主)for much of the year．(When the monarch is in residence, a flag flies over the palace．)The Mall is a very impressive wide street, leading from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square．

　　Note：As the palace is the monarch's official residence, it is not open to the public．

　　The Tower of London

　　Tower Hill, EC3

　　Underground：Tower Hill; Bus：42, 78

　　Open：Mon－Sat．9

　　Parts of the Tower of London are over nine centuries old, as building began under William the Conqueror in 1078．Famous as a prison in the distant past, the Tower has also been a royal residence, a zoo and an observatory, among other things．It is now a museum and many thousands of people visit it every year in particular to see the Crown Jewels．

　　Westminster Abbey

　　Broad Sanctuary, SW1

　　Underground：Westminster, St James's Park; Bus：3, 11, 12, 24, 29, 39, 53, 59, 76, 77, 88, 109, 155, 168, 170, 172, 184, 503

　　Open：Daily 8∶00－18∶00(Mar．－Dec, Tuesday till 20∶00)

　　Entrance free

　　A Benedictine abbey which already existed on the site was rebuilt by Edward the Confessor and consecrated in 1065．On the way to its present form, the abbey was extended in the 13th－16th centuries, with the two west towers being added in the 18th．There are many famous tombs in the abbey, including that of the unknown Warrior and those of many poets and writers．

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　　After our early morning wake-up, we are still a couple of hours away from the overlooks．It is pitch black．I can feel the heavy humid fog left behind my last night's rain．This is why the tour memo listed "flashlight"．Unfortunately; the majority of our hiking party of nine must have missed the memo, so we have only four flashlights between us．

　　An hoar later, we are on the trail．It is dark, foggy, wet and the rocks are alippery．We alternate places between the flashlights "haves" and "have-nots"．As we march, the only voices heard are from the "haves"："Step up, step down, watch out for the rock on your left．"

　　We reach Intipunku with only 15 minutes to spare．The view at sunrise is not what we were told in the travel brochures．Three feet in front of our faces is a white substance called "fog"．

　　As we walk towards the Machu Picchu ruins, my anticipation is mounting．When will the fog lift? Slowly, as if someone is cranking up a curtain, Huayna Picchu begins to appear, overlooking Machu Picchu．First there are fleeting glimpses, and then finally, there is, in its full splendor．

　　When I envisioned going to Machu Picchu, I always thought of mysterious ruins and the famous postcard picture looking toward Huayna Picchu．But there is more to this man-made/natural wonder of the World．It is the adventure of getting there．I knew I wanted to experience the feel of the Inca culture and the energy of this sacred valley, I also knew I didn't want to take the train, but needed to hike．Depending on your starting point, the Inca Trail is 25 to 33miles of semi-arid desert, breathless mountain passes and stunning tropical cloud forest．Our hike took us four nights and 25 miles to finish．

　　Our local guide MaurO keeps telling us "no worries, the hike is 90 percent mental and only 10 percent physical．"I am not convinced that the physical percentage is correct, but I definitely become more and more excited as we are now getting closer to Machu Picchu．By getting myself into good shape, running 20 miles and hiking a 500-foot-high hill five to seven times per week before I left for Peru, I was able to enjoy the beauty of the hike and not worry much about aching muscles and lungs．

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