阅读理解

　　I was in a strange city and I didn't know the city at all, and what is more, I could not speak a word of the language．After having spent my first day in the town-centre, I decided to lose my way on my second day, since I believed that this was the simplest way of getting to know the strange city．

　　I got on the first bus that passed, rode on it for several stops, then got off it and walked on．The first two hours passed pleasantly enough．Then I decided to turn back to my hotel for lunch．After walking about for some time, I decided I had better ask the way．The trouble was that the only word I knew of the language was the name of the street in which I lived and even then I pronounced it badly．

　　I stopped to ask a friendly-looking newspaper-seller．He smiled and handed me a paper．I shook my head and repeated the name of the street and he put the paper into my hands．I had to give him some money and went on my way．The next person I asked was a policeman．The policeman listened to me carefully, smiled and gently took me by the arm．There was a strange look in his eyes as he pointed left and right and left again．I thanked him politely and began walking in the direction he pointed．

　　About an hour passed and I noticed that the houses were getting fewer and fewer and green fields were appearing on either side of me．I had come all the way into the countryside．

　　The only thing left for me to do was to find the nearest railway station．

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　　Read the 4 pieces of news, then answer the following questions．

News 1

　　BAGHDAD, June 28(Xinhuanet)－The coalition(联军)authorities formally transferred(gave)power to the Iraqi government on Monday, two days ahead of the scheduled(planed )June 30 in a bid(goal)to thwart escalating guerrilla attacks(反对逐步升级的游击队的攻击)。

　　Paul Bremer, the outgoing US civil administrator in Iraq, along with Iraqi Prime Minister Iyad Allawi and other government officials, attended the low-key ceremony．

　　“This is a historical day…We feel we are capable(able)of controlling the security(safety )situation,”Allawi said at the ceremony．

　　“I will leave Iraq confident in its future,”Bremer said．

　　A coalition official said Bremer is expected to leave Iraq later Monday．

News 2

　　Iraqi confirms power transfer to be held within hours ISTANBUL, Turkey, June28(Xinhuanet)－Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshiyar Ze-bari confirmed here on Monday that the coalition will formally transfer sovereignty(主权移交)to the interim Iraqi government within hours．

　　The cermony, planed for Wednesday, will be held in the heavily fortified Green Zone in Baghdad, in an effort to thwart escalating guerrilla attacks, Zebari said．

News 3

　　BAGHDAD, June 28(Xinhuanet)－The interim Iraqi government was officially sworn in on Monday, hours after taking over sovereignty from the US-led coalition．

　　Iraqi President Ghazi al-Yawar and Prime Minister Iyad Allawi took their oaths(宣誓)before a senior Iraqi judge, followed by the rest of the cabinet(内阁)members．

　　Yawar was warnly congratulated by Allawi, Deputy Prime Minister Barham Salih and one of the two vice presidents, Ibrahim Jaffari of the Shiite Dawa party．

　　“Before us there is a challenge and a burden and we ask God almighty to give us patience,”Yawar said at the ceremony after taking his oath．

　　“I will preserve the independence of Iraq,”said Yawar“May God protect Iraq and its citizens”．

　　Iraq's interim Prime Minister Iyad Allawi placed his hand, on the Quran and then promised to lead his people to a better future．

　　Allawi delivered a speech speaking his goals for the coming period．

　　He asked people not to be afraid of the“outlaws”fighting against“Islam and Muslims,”and assured them that“God is with us．”

　　“I warn the forces of terror once again,”he said firmly．“We will not forget who stood with us and against us in this crisis．”

News 4

　　BAGHDAD, June 28(Xinhuanet)－Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said here Monday that the power transfer from coalition forces to the Iraqi government was a significant(meaningful)event marking the political transition process of the country．

　　“We congratulate the Iraqi people on the event and hope the Iraqi interim government can, with the help of the international community(组织)including the United Nations, unite all the Iraqi people to stabilize the local situation as soon as possible, promote the Iraqi political transition process and realization of self-governance, and make full efforts to construct an independent, peaceful and prosperous Iraq,”Zhang said．

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阅读理解

　　In the decade(十年)of the 1970s, the United Nations organized several important meetings on the human environment to study a very serious problem．We humans are destroying the world around us．We must learn to protect them, or life will be very bad for our children and grandchildren．

　　There are several major aspects to this problem．

Population

　　Most problems of the environment come from population growth．In 1700 there were 635 million people in the world; in 1900 there were 1.6 billion; in 1950, 2.5 billion; and in 1980, 4.4 billion．In the year 2010 there will be 7.3 billion．More people need more water, more food, more wood, and more petroleum．

Distribution

　　Scientists say there is enough water in the world for everyone, but some countries have a lot of water and some have only a little．Some areas get all rain during one season．The rest of the year is dry．

Petroleum

　　We are using up the world's petroleum．We use it in our cars and to heat our buildings in winter．Farmers use petrochemicals to make the soil rich．They use them to kill insects on those plants．These chemicals go into rivers and lakes and kill the fish there．Thousands of people also die from these chemicals every year．Chemicals also go into the air and pollute it．Winds carry this polluted air to other countries and other countries．

Poverty

　　Poor farmers use the same land over and over．The land needs a rest so it will be better next year．However, the farmer must have food every year．Poor people cut down trees for firewood．In some areas when the trees are gone, the land becomes desert．However, people need wood to cook their food now．Poor people cannot save the environment for the future．

　　We now have the information and the ability to solve these huge problems．However, this is not a problem for one country or one area of the world．It is a problem for all humans．The people and the nation of the world must work together to protect the world's resources．No one controls the future, but we all help make it．

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阅读理解

　　The Carnival of Venice is the most important and magnificent of Venetian celebrations, a festival that attracts thousands of people each year to the city from around the world．

　　The carnival has ancient origins, a celebration that greets the passing of winter into spring, a period in which everything is apparently connected, including the dream of the more humble(低下的)classes becoming similar to the powerful, since everyone is hidden behind a mask(面具)．The Carnival of Venice officially began in 1296, when the Senate(参议院)of the Republic declared the day as a day of celebration．After a break of almost two centuries, the traditions of the carnival were recovered in 1980 and since then the event has been held with great success each year．

　　Each year has a different, basic theme for the carnival, which is developed under various points of view, For two weeks St．Marks' Square, the theaters, streets, squares and public buildings become the leading roles of numerous shows：actors, dancers and musicians bring a celebration atmosphere to the city for a few days．

　　This year, in Saint Mark's there will be a large stage where a great festival of music and dance will take place．Meanwhile, on the Grand Canal(a long straight passage filled with water)．where there will be a catwalk(狭小通道), people with Venetian masks go on board Gondolas．Various Venetian squares will enjoy live music, dance and competitions for the most beautiful mask．

　　Anyone wishing to sample aristocracy(贵族)during the carnival can go to the Venetian palaces where there are masked balls in costume．The city is home to various fashion houses where you can hire splendid period costumes, wigs(假发)and masks．

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　　Two old soldiers who worked together in a Nazi salt mine more than 60 years ago have been reunited．Roddy Macpherson and Alex Morgan had not seen each other since the end of World War Ⅱ．

　　Like other prisoners of war．Alex and Roddy experienced hard conditions in the mine．They sweated through 12 hours of hard labour every day．With just one loaf of bread every four days to live on．But they had each other．And as he hugged his old friend, Roddy, 88, said it was their friendship that helped them survive at the Stalag IXC camp．

　　He added,“The only way you could get through prison camp life was with the help and support of your mates and Alex was one of strongest characters around．”

　　In June 1840, Alex and Roddy were separately placed with the French 31st Infantry Division(步兵师)and the 2nd Armoured Division(装甲师)as they tried to regain the high ground at Abbeville, between Calais and Paris．They were defeated by the Germans and the two men were both caught．

　　The two soldiers were separated a year before the war ended．When Roddy was sent to the U.K. because of poor health．Alex didn't leave the camp until the war ended．

　　The men were reunited at the Fairview Nursing Home, in Bannockburn, Stirlingshire, after Roddy's daughter Margaret found Alex's details on the Internet．She contacted his daughter Carol．who organized the meeting．Relatives from as far as Wales gathered when the friends got together．Watching his dad reunited with Roddy, John said,“This meeting means the world to him．”

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　　Are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching? If you are, you have got phobia(a very strong feeling of being afraid of something)．Of all human fears, phobias may be the most uncontrollable．They are most often caused by a particular situation or object．In general, phobias can mainly be divided into three varieties．To begin with, agoraphobia is a fear of staying in strange surroundings, for example, an unfamiliar place, or an open area．Social phobia refers to the anxiety people show when they have to stay or perform on social events, for instance, speaking in front of the class．Lastly, there are a wide range of specific phobias．People suffering from this kind of phobia are terrified of specific objects or creatures．such as spiders, perhaps to your surprise, clowns．Besides, there are about six hundred and fifty phobias having been listed by psychologists(心理学家)as yet．

　　Faced with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape the situations or objects they fear．Psychologists, however, warn that if not treated properly, this kind of anxiety will get worse, so that it may disturb the sleep pattern, cause physical symptoms, and finally affect their daily activities．As for treatment, clinical research has discovered that medicine for anxiety is not successful in curing phobias．However．the anxiety disorders can be efficiently treated through cognitive behavioral therapy(认知行为疗法), through which patients are led to inspect the connections between their own fear und the situation or object, and then actively choose the acceptable treatments．Also, other treatments proved effective in reducing phobias are Meditation(quiet thought that can help people relax), listening to calming music, and so on．

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阅读理解

　　Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a standard people use to see how smart or talented I am．Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person．

　　Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables．As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances(泛泛之交)．One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then asked me back with his finger minutes later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been．

　　I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon(勤杂工)by plenty of people．But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults．Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college．Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served．

　　Once I graduated, I took a job at a community newspaper．From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me．I assumed this was the way the professional world worked．

　　I soon found out differently．I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name．Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie．The mistake was immediately evident．Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me．

　　My job title made people treat me politely．So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry．

　　It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips．The service industry, by definition, exists to satisfy others' needs．Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant．

　　I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want．I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them．

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　　A unique book contains 50 easy-to-follow container designs．Each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display, with an instruction of the finished planter and in-depth plant information．The plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or garden．

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　　Plenty of health complaints can be handled at home．Each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound．

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阅读理解

　　Lucky is the man who has no“skeleton in his closet”．When a man has done something in his life that he is ashamed of, that he wants to hide, he is said to have a“skeleton in his closet”．Some people may have more than one skeleton．

　　As we have noted many times, it is hard to find out how these expressions begin．Sometimes, we get some hard facts．But more often we have to depend on guesswork．And that is true of this phrase, which came from England．

　　Before 1932, English law did not permit a doctor to cut open a dead human body for scientific examination, unless it was the corpse(尸体)of an executed(处决)criminal．

　　But when it became legal, more and more doctors demanded skeletons for a more scientific study of medicine．It was helping in the advance of modern medicine．The demand had become so strong that men began to rob tombs and sell skeletons to doctors at high prices．

　　We are told that a doctor would usually buy just one skeleton for scientific study．It became very important in his work．But he had to keep it hidden because most people objected to keeping such a thing．As a rule, the doctor would keep his skeleton in some dark corner where it could not be seen, or hide it in a closet．

　　After a time, people began to suspect(怀疑)every doctor of hiding a skeleton in the closet．From this suspicion, the phrase“a skeleton in the closet”took on a broader, more general meaning to describe anything that a man wanted to keep others from discovering．It could be proof of a criminal act, or something much less serious．Well, that is one theory．

　　One writer, however, believes that the phrase might have come from something that really happened．It is his guess that a hidden closet in some old English country home may have turned up a real skeleton, clear proof of some old family shame or crime．Well, one man's guess is as good as another．But this sounds like a story by the great French novelist, Balzac．

　　Baizac tells us of a man who suspected his wife of having a lover．The husband comes home by surprise．But she hears him and quickly hides her lover in the closet of her bedroom．He enters her room and asks her if she is hiding her lover．He says he will not open the door to the closet if she promises him there is no one there; He will believe her．She answers firmly that she is not hiding anyone in the closet．

　　The husband then begins to build a solid brick wall against the closet．His wife watches, knowing that her lover will never come out alive．But she will not change her story and admit her guilt．

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