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　　I always hated it when people asked me where I lived。 It was not that I did not like my home town，but just that it was called Panfromifwecanton！ Few people believed there was such a place， and even fewer people could say it．

　　Actually, it is quite easy to pronounce．All you have to do is to break it into syllables Pan-from-if-we-can-ton．A syllable is a small unit of sound built around a single vowel sound．

　　The vowels are a, e, I, o, u(and y when it sounds like an i)．

　　Most words can be pronounced by breaking them into syllables．That is why Mary Poppins found it so very easy to say the word supercalifragilisticexpialidocius．Can say it?Try!

　　Breaking a word into smaller parts can also help you to spell the word correctly．You pay attention to each sound, rather than slurring them together．

　　As well as breaking a word down into its sounds, you can break a word down into its units of meaning．For example, sometimes you will find that a long word is made up of smaller words you already know, such as overcoat, raindrop, handbag．

　　A word can be broken down into three main parts：a prefix, which comes at the beginning; a root, or base, which is the main part of the word; and a suffix, which comes at the end．The trick here is knowing what they mean because a lot of them come from Latin and Greek．

　　When you see a long word, don’t worry．Look at it carefully, break it down, and you’ll see it．

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　　May Paxton graduated from the Missouri School for the deaf near the year 1909．Three years later she went to see Dr．Richardson about becoming a nurse．Dr．Richardson had never heard of a deaf nurse．But she was impressed with her, and accepted May as a student nurse．

　　Dr．Richardson never regretted her decision．In fact, she was so pleased with May’s work that she later accepted two other deaf women as student nurses．The first was Miss Marian, who was hard of hearing．The second was Miss Lillie．

　　May and Marian did not know each other before Marian was hired by the hospital．Dr．Richardson introduced May to Marian．During the next two days, the two girls wrote notes to each other．Finally, other nurses asked Martian if she knew that May was deaf．Marian ran to the bedroom and asked May in sign if she really was deaf．May answered in sign．Then, the two girls burst into laughter(突然大笑)．

　　May was always careful about following orders．Only once did she disobey Dr．Richardson．It took a lot of time to care for all the sick children, as a result, Dr．Richardson asked the nurses not to hold the new babies when they were crying．However, May heated to see the babies cry．When Dr．Richardson was not around, she found time to hold them．This small change helped the nursery to run much more smoothly．When Dr．Richardson knew that May’s actions had improved the nursery, she decided to overlook(视而不见)May’s breaking the rules．

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　　Today our knowledge of food and what it does for our bodies is far more advanced than that of the old times．Now we know about vitamins and how each kind of vitamin helps in the growth of a particularly, the food that we eat will take care of our body and so there is no need to take any kinds of vitamins unless our doctor tells us that our bodies are short of something which can be supplied(供给)by them．

　　Generally speaking, everything we eat does some good to our body．But if we eat too much of one kind of food and pay too little attention to others, we may have too much of one kind and not enough of others．Then we may be in trouble．

　　We are often told that we must eat some meat at each meal in order to get the necessary proteins(蛋白质)．That is only partly true, for proteins are not found only in meat．We can also get them from some vegetables．

　　The best advice about what to eat is that we should eat all kinds of food but never too much of any．

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　　Some fish spend all their lives in the place where they were born．Salmon do not．Born in the fresh water of rivers, they migrate(迁徙)to the ocean when young, then go back to the rivers as adults．

　　When fall comes, it is time for salmon to spawn(产卵)．They leave the ocean and travel to the beginning of the river where they were hatched(孵化)．Sometimes these trips are more than 2,000 miles．On the long journey they have to fight against the current of the stream．Sometimes they even jump up waterfalls．When they reach the beginning of the river, they are often very tired from their long and difficult journey．

　　But they cannot rest．The mother fish makes a nest in the sand on the bottom of the river by slapping the sand with her tail．In this nest the mother lays her eggs and the father leaves his sperm．Then the mother covers the nest with sand leaves the baby fish to hatch．

　　The young fish hatch in the winter．Some species(种类)of salmon start the journey down the river to the ocean when they are a few inches long．They seem to be swimming backwards, but they are really carried downstream by the current．Others live in the river for two or three years before going to the ocean．All of these salmon, however, will make the trip back to where they first lived．

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　　London－A morning’s train ride away, across the Channel, English kids about Liverpool’s soccer team in a Paris pub．

　　Some Parisians have even started to go to work in London．

　　In the 19^th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities．”These days, it might be A Tale of One City．

　　Parisians are these days likely to smile in sympathy at a visitor’s broken French and respond in polite English．

　　As jobs grew lack at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel．With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours．The European Union freed them from immigration and customs．

　　Paris, rich in beauty, is more attractive．But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down．

　　“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a banker．

　　Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees．“I am French, but I’ll stay in London．”She said．

　　There is, of course, the other view, Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago．“I think people laugh more Paris,” she said．

　　In fact, London and Paris, with their obvious new similarities, are beyond the old descriptions．As the European Union gradually loosened controls, Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property．

　　“Both cities have changed beyond recognition．”Said Larry Collins, a writer and sometimes a Londoner．

　　Like most people who know both well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably．

　　“I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s, and it is still a wonderful place,” Collins said．

　　“but if I had to choose, it would be London．Things are so much more ordered, and life is better．”

　　But certainly not cheaper．

　　In fancy parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris．

　　Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice．

　　Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose．

　　“I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a center, but life is so structured,” she said．“In London, you can be who you want．No one cares．”

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　　The USA is a land of immigrants．Between 1815 and 1914, the world saw the great peaceful migration in its history：35 million people, mostly Europeans, left their homelands to start new lives in America．Why did these people risk everything by leaving their homes and families?

　　First, one major cause of the departure among European peasants was the rise in population which in turn led to hunger．Another was politics．Many young men fled eastern Europe to avoid being forced to join the army．

　　Physical hunger provided another pressing reason．Following the failure of the economy of southern Italy in the 1860s, hundreds of thousands decided to make a new start in America．

　　Religion also encouraged millions to leave the Old World．

　　In short, people chose to leave their homes for social, economic and religious reasons．As a result, by 1890 among a total population of 63 million, there were more than nine million foreign-born Americans．

　　But what were the attractions?First of all, there was the promise of land which was so scarce in Europe．Next, factories were calling out for labour, and pay and conditions were much better than back home．Men were needed to open up the West and build the long railroads, and settlers were needed to populate new towns and develop commerce．There was the space for religious communities to practice their faith in peace．

　　As we know, there were losers．To start with, there were those unwilling immigrants, the slaves who had been used as a source of cheap labour．Nor should we forget the equally awful fate of the American Indians．By 1860 there were 27 million free whites, four million slaves and a only 488000 free blacks．

　　Nowadays, the USA is still seen by millions as the Promised Land．As always, it remains an attractive place to the ambitious and the energetic who are ready to commit themselves to the land that gives them a second chance．

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　　Mauritius, an island country, lies 1,200 miles off the southeastern coast of Africa, and just east of Madagascar, another African island country, which is larger by far than Mauritius．It covers 788 square miles and has a population of 1,100,000, about 750,000 Indians, 300,000 Clioers, 30,000 Chinese and 20,000 Whites included．They are living together peacefully．

　　The country can be divided into many parts with different climates all because of its peculiar terrains(地形)．In the center there are volcanoes several thousand feet high, and 90 percent of its arable land is covered with sugarcane．

　　There were no people living on the island before the Dutch landed on it in 1638．The Dutch abandoned it in 1710, and five years later, the French came and succeeded in planting sugarcane there．It was conquered by Britain in 1810．

　　Mauritius was extremely poor when it declared its independence in 1968．In the past ten years, obvious economic prosperity(繁荣)has shown itself in this island country．

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　　The geographical location of a country and its physical characteristics are very important to its development and progress．The United States is very fortunate in this respect．

　　First of all，it has a good climate．In almost all sections of the country it is possible to live comfortably during the whole year．It is true that in the south it sometimes gets very hot，and in the north very cold．But the people who live in these regions become accustomed to the climate and never suffer very much when the weather is either very hot or very cold．

　　In a large country there is usually a great variety of different physical characteristics．In the United States，there are wide plains and high mountains，thousands of lakes and rivets of all sizes，cool forests and hot deserts，and a coastline several thousand miles long．

　　The many lakes and rivers，as well as the long coastline，have been of great importance to the development of the country，since they made possible the easy transportation of people and all the things people need．Transportation by water is still necessary and important．In modern times，however，trains，automobiles，trucks and airplanes are doing much of the work which was formerly done by ships and boats．

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　　Finland is perhaps the most beautiful and mysterious(神秘)of the countries of northern Europe．Two-thirds of its surface is covered with thick forests and among them lie lakes, connected with rivers and canals．The northern part of this country is inside the Arctic Circle, where almost no trees can grow because of its cold weather and the people use their deer for transport, clothing and food．

　　Then Finish history began in the Middle Ages．In about 1155, Finland was conquered by its western neighbouring Sweden．After a period of rule by Denmark in the 14^th century, the Swedes won back independence and power in 1523 under their brave king．During the Napoleonic Wars(1814-1818)Finland was passed finally from Sweden to Russia．The opportunity came in 1917, when the Russian Revolution brought foreign rule of Finland to an end．Shortly after Soviet Russia made peace with Germany, 1919 saw the founding of the Finnish Republic．

　　The years between the First and Second World War were years of progress and growing development．Finland has no coal or oil, and the nation’s wealth lies in the timber(木材)from its forests, which supplies material for paper and furniture making, and it the electric power from its water．

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