If you do not know what to wear to attend a Chinese celebration, something red is always the right choice on such occasions．The red color is always associated with "happiness and good fortune"．The Chinese people enjoy decorating their houses with something red．The bride wears a traditional Chinese wedding dress in red on her wedding day(though probably influenced by the western customs she would wear white wedding dress at the beginning of the celebration)．Unlike the implication of red to anger, danger and the unreasonable outburst of emotions in the West, such as the expressions like：be a red rag to a bull; to see red; to see the red light; to paint the town red; red in tooth and claw etc．the red always carries positive meanings in China．

　　The next color used to be very special is yellow, which is similar to the color of earth and soil since earth and soil were very important to people．Yellow used to be the fashionable color used by the Emperors in China．

　　Another favorite color is green, which represents life and energy, while black and white are associated with death．Don't wear a black dress to attend the wedding or a birthday party．Wearing white headdress(头饰)indicates that someone in your home recently dies．

　　Probably black is also associated with darkness．The Chinese like to refer to things illegally done "black", for example, "black money" and "black market"．And "black heart" refers to someone really bad．

　　The indirect meanings of colors are obvious in the costumes of traditional Chinese operas．Red indicates loyalty and courage; black represents honesty and fairness; yellow clothing signifies royalty and white to purity．

　　Don't wear a green hat on any occasion in your daily life．"Wearing a green hat" is a Chinese idiom referring to one's wife has committed adultery．A husband wearing a green hat seems to claim that his wife is an adulteress．Therefore don't make yourself a standing joke．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood．The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner．If you didn't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime．If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill．The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning．This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day．You should get out of the habit of sleeping during．Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity－a sport such as bowling, perhaps or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation．Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good night’s rest without taking a pill．

　　If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day．At first it may be hard for you to go sleep without taking a pill．If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy．If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill．Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours’ sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill．The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour．

　　The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

　　President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige(声望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government．Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?

　　One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society．Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected．Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected．

　　Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(独占)of power．In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits．Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly．Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves．

　　A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly．Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not．Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom．

　　Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity．Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background．Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background．Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege(特权)．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

　　When Jeanne Calment entered the world in 1875, telephones and automobiles still lay in the future．Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso were not yet born．The Eiffel Tower was 14 years from being built．As a teenager, she met Vincent Van Gogh, near her home in Arles, in the south of France．He was “very ugly, ungracious(举止粗俗的), impolite, sick－I forgive him, they called him loco(精神失常的)”, she recalled．When she died last week at age 122, she was the world’s eldest person．(There are others who claimed to the title, but only Calment had the official documents to prove her age．)

　　Each February 21, her birthday, she would share the secrets of long life．Some years it was “a sense of humour”, others it was “keeping busy”．“God must have forgotten me,” she once explained．The truth probably was that she had good genes：her mother reportedly lived to be 86 and her father 94．

　　Her life had its sadness：she outlived her husband, her only daughter and her grandson．According to a friend, she was imperturbable．“If you can’t do anything about it,” she reportedly said, “don’t worry about it．”

　　In her last years she was nearly blind and deaf, but her health remained good．She ate a few bars of chocolate each week and continued smoking until a few years ago, when she could no longer light her own cigarettes．She never lost her sense of humour．On her 110th birthday, she commented, “I’ve only ever had one wrinkle, and I’m sitting on it．“Her longevity made her famous; her spirit made her eternal(永恒的)．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

　　After 78 years in the UK, the Dutch clothing retailer has closed shop for the last time．But C＆A is not alone．In the past week the best known names on British high streets－Marks＆Spence, Boots and Littlewoods－have announced some of their worst ever trading figures．

　　The downturn is not a case of belt tightening．Although there are fears of a recession(经济衰退), UK consumer spending has set new records in the past year．Experts say the sudden fall is the result of a revolution that is changing almost every side of British lives．

　　Mr．And Mrs．UK Average are throwing out the everyday and trading up to the finer things in life．Consumers are declaring an end to all things ordinary．The good taste revolution has swept the country with remarkable speed．Sales of once popular fashions are dropping quickly．Just three years ago Marks＆Spencer was the UK’s favorite．People now consider the fashions “ordinary”．

　　Yet just 100 yards from the empty aisles in London’s Oxford Street, the story is different．Burberry enjoyed a 35 percent increase in sales income in the last three months of last year．Gucci saw its sales rise 25 percent．Armani reported 20 percent growth．Demand for the logo-print at Louis Vuitton cannot be satisfied immediately．And growth is not only limited to the wealthy South-east．

　　Experts say Britain has moved from a “good enough” culture to “good taste” culture．Almost everywhere you look－from clothes, to food and drink, to cars, to home furnishings, to holidays－Britons are buying into a life less ordinary．

　　Rising wealth is driving the revolution．New research shows that the average UK household is 40 percent better off than in 1986．“In the past only those with money and time on their hands were able to devote energy to the search for tasteful living,” says Martin Hayward, a director at the Henley Center．“But as incomes rise and free time increases, the privileged many are living higher．More middleclass consumers are developing a sense of their own self-image through what they buy．”

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

　　This was no ordinary class．The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University．They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experiment："an interesting week of poetry"．This class was part of a study to answer the questions：Why is science difficult for many non-science students?What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field?

　　The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes．They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers．All students noticed one thing---the importance of spoken words．In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard．But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked．They didn't write anything on the board．

　　The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry．In both subjects, students need to find layers(层次)of meaning．Some layers are simple, clean, and on the surface; other layers are deeper and more difficult．This search for different levels of meaning doesn't happen much in undergraduate(本科)science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school．And it is always important in humanities(人文科学)．

　　Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience．One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using careful, clear definitions when he explains a poem．He also plans to be more informative as his teaches．Most of the scientists agreed on several points．First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important．Second, the poetry class was fun．One engineer decided, "We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students．"

　　But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this：All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they can teach better．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解。

　　He sat down in one of the chairs．The air was better here, spoilt only by the smell of cigarette smoke．This room was obviously used not only as a place of useless junk and of diseased patients but also as a resting room where people could drop in for a quiet smoke．

　　There was complete silence all around him．He was aware at last－the realization came to him gradually－that this was really the end, it was all over, he could simply get up and go．But he had no place to go and no reason for going．He closed his eyes, and from the very depth of his being he felt a desperate sorrow rising：like dogs, here and there, like dogs on a rubbish heap．She is gone forever．He heard a soft rustling(瑟瑟声)sound and, looking up, saw crows silently flying against the grey autumn sky, just like when they were small children and went racing out into the fields．The sight calmed him a little, and he waited for the familiar sounds, but nothing came, nothing disturbed the silence all about him．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

　　Susanne thought Allan’s wish to become a girl was probably from curiosity．

　　It was the second morning after Allan’s 10^th birthday．The hands of the clock pointed to 7∶20, only 40 minutes from school hours, but Allan was still sound asleep．Susanne tiptoed into her son’s room：the red applied on his lips by his sisters was still there; what surprised her most was that her pinkish undershirt which had long been missing and her eldest daughter’s favorite green mini-skirt were also on the boy．Is this only a childish joke?A scene that had happened on her son’s birthday came to her：when asked about his birthday wish, Allan was silent for a moment and then whispered to her ears, “I wish to make a girl, mum．”

　　Susanne went out and rang up to Allan’s teacher asking for a day’s leave．At about 7∶40, Allan ran out of his room, screaming,“Mum, I will be late for school!”Susanne noticed her son had changed into his night-suit with a pattern of little bears．

　　“My dear,”said Susanne difficultly,“you needn’t go to school today．I’d like to have a word with you．”Allan’s shining eyes dimmed suddenly．He walked to his mother and sat down, his head drooped．After a moment of silence, Allan raised his head, eyes filled with tears．“Mum, I really want to make a girl．”Susanne stared at her son, tears rolling down her face too．As for a mother with four daughters but one son, you can imagine her breast of the moment．

　　Susanne was not an open mother．She didn’t think it was too late to set right Allan：he was only 10, after all．All the day Susanne did one thing－advising Allan give up the idea, while the son was silent all the way, instead of crying or quarrelling like other children．As a result, Allan gave in to mother．He even offered to return all that didn’t belong to him：mother’s shirt, her sisters’ skirt and lipstick．

　　In the later days, Allan seemed to come back to normal：playing football with neighboring boys, wearing a boy’s suit, even with a tie…．

　　On the morning of Feb．12, 2008, however, Susanne found another Allan in his room．He had on a white skirt and a red scarf, which was hanging him on the ceiling．

　　On the desk was a note：Mum, I am flying to God, who will change me into a girl．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

　　In Feb．NASA sent the Beetles’ song “Across the Universe” to the North Star, which is 431 light-years away from the earth, hoping extraterrestrial beings(ET)－if there were－would receive it．

　　This move led to a heated argument between scientists．Some believed there was no ET while others were afraid that the earth would be discovered by the evil-intentioned ET．

　　But no response so far．

　　In the 1970s, the Pioneer and the Voyager, designed to travel through deep space, were fixed with a letter of the same content．This was a metal card, on which some important information about our planet was shown in the form of pictures, such as positions of the solar system and earth, the man’s and woman’s images and so on．Scientists hoped it would get received by some ET intelligence and led to its awareness of another intelligence’s existence．

　　Then, what content is the most important for the letter to ET?The first to come to scientists were the basics in nature：atomic structures or the matters a life needs．Thus, ET might treat us as a civilization armed with advanced science and technology and intend to get in touch with us．

　　But sociologists think all this is too simple．If ET is cleverer than us, they will think such low intelligence not worth responding to．So they have designed some more interesting topics：How are resources distributed in your civilization?What is the form of your democracy like?But theirs are for ever put on the shelf．

　　On Nov．16, 1974, a signal was sent in the direction of Hercules by a powerful radio telescope located in Puerto Rico, in which the numbers from 1 to 10, the solar system, the earth and DNA of mankind were described in the form of symbols．It has been flying at the speed of light to a star cluster 25000 light-years away．Even if an ET does make a reply, however, we’ll have to wait 50 thousand years, but what if the reply reads “We don’t quite understand you．Would you please repeat?”

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

　　Bluetooth is a radio-technology which provides tech supports for short range communication, allowing cell-phones, PDA, wireless earphones, notebook computers etc to exchange radio signals, so that electronic appliances with Bluetooth can contact each other within 10 metres．

　　“Bluetooth” comes from the king of Denmark Harald　Gormsson’s nickname．Born of a pirate’s family, Harald later united the countries of North Europe and became king of the Viking Kingdom．Because he liked eating blue strawberries, his teeth were always dyed blue, hence the nickname．Blue strawberries were at that time regarded as inadvisable food owing to the ugly colour, so the king became the symbol of bravery in making daring attempts．In 1998, hoping to standardize radio communication technologies Ericsson named the new technology standard Bluetooth．

　　Later, on May 20, 1999, the leading companies in the field like Sony Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba and so on set up Bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG)and worked out Bluetooth technology standards．

　　Bluetooth has a fast-increasing number of supporters and sharers, from five members of SIG in the beginning up to today’s nearly 3000 member corporations．Its development can be roughly divided into three stages．

　　First stage(2001～2002)：Bluetooth was applied to high-end products as accessories, such as earphones for cell-phones, cards for notebook computers, or to the special occasions where only its capabilities and functions were strictly demanded but not its price．

　　Second stage(2002～2005)：Bluetooth was applied to mid-and high-grade products, such as PDA, cell-phones, notebook computers and so on．Its price went down to 10 doctors for each chip．

　　Third stage(since 2005)：Bluetooth has stepped into household appliances, digital cameras and other electronic products．Bluetooth networks are everywhere and its price is 2～5 dollars．It is quite common that a person has two or three Bluetooth products．

　　Bluetooth has a promising future; the rapid development of communication technology will provide it with even larger markets．It is predicted to have 3 billion users by the end of 2010．Bluetooth’s target market is low-end wireless networked field, and its original intention is providing simple and convenient wireless networked technology．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)