阅读理解

　　If you want to stay young，sit down and have a good think．This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise, and as a result，we are ageing unnecessarily soon．

　　Professor Taijiu Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down．

　　With a team of partners at Tokyo National University，he set about studying the brain volumes(体积)of a thousand people of different ages and various jobs．

　　Computer technology enabled the researchers to get exact measurement of the volume(容量)of the front and side sections of the brain，which relate to intellect(智能)and feelings，and determine the human character．The back section of the brain，which controls functions like eating or breathing，does not connect with age．One can continue living without intellectual or feeling abilities．

　　Contraction(收缩)of front and side parts－as cells die off－was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not obvious in some sixty and seventy year olds．

　　Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple cure for the contraction normally connected with age using the brain．

　　The findings show in general conditions that contraction of the brain begins soon among people in the country than in the town．Those are at least at risk，says Matsuzawa，who are lawyers，followed by university professors and doctors．White collar workers doing regular work in government offices are, however，as likely to have shrink(收缩)as the farm workers，bus drivers and shop assistants．

　　Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking．Blood must flow through a circle properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need．"The best way to keep good blood movement is through using the brain，"he says．"Think hard and engage in conversation．Don’t depend on pocket calculators．"

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　　阅读理解

　　How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery．All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down．Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words．

　　The power of words, then, lies in their combinations－the things they bring up before our minds．Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases．

　　Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts, but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings．This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary(文字的)style．Above all, the real poet is a master of words．He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears．We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude．

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　　阅读理解

　　Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers said, “Barbara, be enthusiastic!Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience．” How right they were!

　　“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm ,”wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson．It is the paste that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough．It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!”when others shout, “No, you can’t!”It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted．Yet she didn’t let up on her experiments．Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping．

　　We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age．At 90, cellist(大提琴家)Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach．As the music flowed through his fingers, his bent shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes．As author and poet Samuel once wrote, “Years make the skin old, but to give up enthusiasm makes the soul old．”

　　Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money, title or power．Patricia Mcllrath, retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm．She replied, “My father, a lawyer, long ago told me, I never made a penny until I stopped working for money．”

　　If we cannot do what we love as a fulltime career, we can do it as a hobby．Elizabeth Layton of Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw．This activity ended her sadness that had troubled her for at least 30 years, and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am persuaded to call Layton a genius．”

　　We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-beens”．We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”．We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses－finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a backyard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, and the beauty of a rainbow．

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　　阅读理解

　　Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles．When a fragrant(香的) flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．

　　In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria(自助)feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．

　　So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom＂, which humans soon lose．Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits．Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．

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　　理解

　　The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion．They are closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak．What you produce is for sale on the market．It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market．

　　In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition．Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions．In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting(报价), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc．

　　Then, how can we obtain such information?There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work．The commercial counselor's(顾问)offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations．Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then．One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot．

　　Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information．The Chinese Export Commodities(货物)Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities．Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations．

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　　阅读理解

　　The Arctic is one of the few places in the world untouched by pollution where you can use its beautiful nature．Join our ship the Northern Star from 2 to 18 July for a 17-day voyage to the During the entertainers to watch．However, we do have specialists on board who are willing to answer any of your questions about the Arctic．

　　After setting off from Scotland, we go north along the coast of Norway to Bear Island．Along the way you’ll see thousands of seabirds and wonderful scenery, with rivers of ice and huge cliffs．You will have the chance to see polar bear and other Arctic animals．Although we have a timetable, experience has show that we may to our direction a little, depending on the weather．

　　The Northern Star is a very special ship and our past voyages have been very popular．Our cabins all have the same excellent facilities．Our chefs are happy to prepare any food for people on special diets．If you need some exercise, why not do some swimming in the indoor pool?

　　Prices include economy class air travel and 16 night on the Northern Star, all meals and all lectures．

　　Day 1：Board the Northern Star

　　Day 2-7：We sail slowly north along the coast of Norway, stopping at places of interest．

　　Day 8：Tromse．You need to get uo at sunrise to see the whales as we sail towards Tromse．Visit Tromse to see the Artic Museum and the beautiful old wooden house．In the evening we sail away along the west coast to Bird Island, which is excellent for bird-watching．

　　Day 9-10：Bear Island．We arrive there in the early evening．Bear Island once had active fishing industry, but today little of this remains．

　　Day 11-16：Spitsbergen-a place of mountains and rivers of ice．It is home to a large variety of animals．

　　Day 17：Leave the ship in Spitsbergen and fly to London from Tromse

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　　阅读理解

　　Although the Spring Festive is generally regarded as the most import celebration of the year, the fall and winter have a number of non-native holidays that are gaining popularity among the Chinese．

　　These include Halloween, Christmas and Valentine’s Day．In the past, these foreign holidays were observed only those who worked for foreign companies or those who had studied or live abroad．But today, many Chinese celebrate the holidays in some manners, such as sending text messages to friends and having a large dinner in restaurant．Valentine’s Day is mainly for young couples, while Halloween is most celebrated by children．

　　Christmas is becoming increasingly popular among the Chinese originally it was heavily promoted by business．During the holiday, some shopping malls put up Christmas trees, inducing(劝说)visitors to write down their Christmas wishes and hang the notes on the trees．In just one or two days the trees will be filled with all kind of Christmas messages．For example ,“I wish those who love me and whom I love happiness in the next year．”“May God bless my parents’health and happiness．”“I hope my girlfriend will be admitted by renowned universities．”

　　Sociologists say the rising popularity of Christmas is due to the cheerful and bright colors associated with the holiday．Red is the most popular holiday color in China, representing harmony and indicating a happy event．On Christmas, people may find that Santa Claus and traditional red Chinese lanterns go well together．

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　　阅读理解

　　Beginning college is exciting：new ideas to explore, new challenges to be met and many decisions to be made．Your future begins here．

　　However, you Will find college life is different from your previous school environment Many of us(压垮)by the details of running a well-balanced life．While some of us may have the know-how, I guess there are more of us who can benefit from learning about the experiences of other who have walked the college halls before you．

　　The following you may find of use about life on campus．

　　●Plan well．There are so many new things to do at a new college or university, social and academic(学术的)．Give yourself time to make new friends and become familiar with the campus, but don’t forget why you are there．Give some time for social activities and manage your time wisely．

　　●If you don’t have a”system”for planning your time now(1ike a day time, a computer date book)．get one．Most of all, don’t depend on your memory．

　　●Don’t miss the guidelines, restrictions, rules and regulations of all kinds can usually be found in your student handbook, Consider them well－balanced food for thought．What dates are important?what pieces of paper need to be handed in?What can/can’t you do in your student residence(住处)?Who has authority for what?What do you need to complete to graduate?

　　●write the word“STUDY”, on the walls of our bedroom and bathroom, and maybe it will help to write it on a piece of paper and stick it on the telephone, TV and the kitchen table．Consider this－you are paying thousands of dollars for courses．You pay every time you have to repeat or replace a course．

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　　阅读理解

　　A woman whose sports car was stolen with her dog in it put up notices all over the area that made it clear getting back her pet was more important than her car．

　　“Whoever did this can keep my car．Please let Benjerman come home, ”the notice said．

　　It is not known whether the thief showed any pity, but almost 30 hours after the 1 pm theft Friday．Kimberly Atkins of Dover and Benjerman, a 12-year-old black retriever(猎犬), were reunited after police located them in Barrington．

　　“He’s hungry, he’s dirty, but he’s very happy to be home, ”Atkins said．

　　The car was found at about 5 pm Saturday off Route 125 in a swampy area frequented by off-the-road cars and dirt bikes．However, the police couldn’t control Benjerman, and they had to call Atkins to come and get him．

　　Atkins said the thief cared for Benjerman a little by providing him with some dry cat food．She believed Benjerman ended up drinking some muddy water in the area．

　　She said they have been together for nearly 11 years after she took him back from a society shelter in Dallas, Texas．

　　Before Benjelman was found, Atkins and several friends put up notices all over the city and in Somersworth．They also contacted animal shelters, throughout southern New Hampshire and

　　Massachusetts

　　The notice stated there was a reward, and also that the dog needed medication．Any caller could remain anonymous(匿名的)．

　　Atkins had parked the car outside a hardware store with the keys inside and gone in to rent a carpet

　　¨It was l0 minutes and I came out and my car was gone along with Benjerman in broad daylight ,”Atkins said．The car thief threw Atkins’wallet and other personal items out of the car before escaping from the scene．

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　　阅读理解

　　Recent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally believed．Yet most sociologists agree that in modern societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives．Parents and children often live apart from other relatives, and seldom visit them．Also, the family moves when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighbourhood．Together, loneliness and mobility(迁移)force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship．

　　Because the family is one of the few ongoing sources of affection and companionship in modem societies, a high, percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying．On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husband’s or wife’s emotional(情感的)needs are not met within the family circle-even if al1 other family functions(功能)are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone of the modem family．

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