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　　Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn．The next morning he went to thank the innkeeper,“You have served me well, innkeeper,”said Napoleon．“I wish to reward you．Tell me what you want．”

　　“Sir, we want nothing,”said the innkeeper．“But will you tell us something?”

　　“What is it?”Napoleon asked．

　　“We have heard a story,”said in innkeeper．“Once during the war, the Russians took control of a farmhouse．You were sleeping in it．You hid yourself in a pile of hay while they looked for you．Will you tell us how you felt when they were searching for you?”

　　The innkeeper looked at Napoleon’s face．Napoleon looked very angry．Napoleon called in two of his soldiers．Then he pointed to the door．The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard．

　　At the end of the yard was a wall．The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall．The soldiers tied the innkeeper’s hands behind his back．Then his wife’s hands were tied, too．Napoleon watched, saying nothing．“Please, please sir,”begged the innkeeper．“Don’t kill us!We meant nothing!”The soldiers moved back．The innkeeper saw them raising their guns．Then Napoleon spoke,“Ready!”He called,“Aim!”The inn keeper’s wife screamed．“Stop!”said Napoleon．He went to the innkeeper．“Now,”he said,“you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don’t you?”

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　　Nine-year-old Louis Pasteur rushed into the little house, his face white．

　　“Mother!”he cried．“A mad dog has bitten my friend Henry, and now they are burning him with redhot irons．It’s terrible!”

　　“Rabies(狂犬病)，Louis．Burning the bites(伤口)is the only hope of stopping Henry from catching the disease．”

　　Henry did get rabies and died, in great pain, some days later．Louis Pasteur never forgot．“One day,”he thought,“I must do something to help people like Henry．”

　　Sixteen years later Pasteur became a Doctor of Science．And he began making important discoveries in his special field．

　　Pasteur achieved great success in his life．But during the years of research he lost the use of his left arm and leg．Yet he worked on and on, as hard as ever, as he was eager to find a way for curing rabies．He never forgot his friend Henry．

　　After many dangerous experiments on mad dogs, he finally found the answer．Just then a boy who had been badly bitten by a mad dog arrived at his lab．A few days after Pasteur’s treatment they boy got better．He did not catch rabies．

　　The discovery gave now hope to people in many countries．People sent money to help build the Pasteur Institute in Paris．Today it is one of the world’s most famous centers for research．

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　　Health experts have warned for many years that cigarette smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other medical problems．Officials say diseases directly by smoking kill at least three hundred and twenty thousand Americans each year．But smokers still find it rather difficult to stop．The tobacco industry says 40 million Americans continue to smoke cigarettes．The American Cancer Society wants to change this．Every year the group organizes a national Non-smoking Day in order to get people to give up cigarettes．

　　On the Non-smoking Day the organization will ask all smokers to stop smoking for at least 24 hours．The American Cancer Society hopes this will lead many people to give up smoking completely．On that day the American Cancer Society officers will give telephone call advice on how to stop smoking．Smokers can also call a special telephone to hear recorded messages by doctors．Some businesses will offer their workers candy or chewing gum to help them to keep from smoking．Some companies will offer special gifts and lower prizes to people who sign an agreement to stop smoking．And Americans who don’t smoke will be asked to help just one person who is smoking during the 24-hour campaign．

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　　Most painters discover a style of painting that is fit for them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures．But Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting．He kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973．

　　Some of Picasso’s paintings are rich, soft colored and beautiful．Others are ugly and cruel and stange．But such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves．They force us to say to ourselves,“What does he see that makes him paint like that?”And we begin to look under the surface of the things we see．

　　Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles．Sometimes he painted the natural look of things．Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces．He showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eyes see．At the age of 90, he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young．That is why people have called him“the youngest painter in the world．”

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Pop music is the name for different forms of popular, commercial music．It had its beginning in the United States of America and spread throughout the whole world during 1950s and 1960s．It is widely liked by the young people．The best know early form of pop music was“rock‘n’roll”;another was“blues”．A more recent development is“folk-rock”．Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world; it has caused the number of people for jazz to become much smaller than it was in the 1950s and earlier, and it has now begun to rule musical stage productions．It’s a big industry．Much pop music is without artistic value, but the work of some pop singers, e.g．the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the groups like Floyd and Crosby, Stills and Nash, is on a higher musical level．And there is still a great interest in it today．Pop music concerts and festivals are held all over the world．

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　　In many ways, the earliest periods of photography are the most satisfying．Learning to use the controls is easy and comes quickly, and you can measure the results in terms of sharp and correctly developed pictures．Once you have mastered that, you can start on the second step of your photographic work．Using these basic skills in a wide variety of situations to give the pictures you want, noticing what you see through the viewfinder and turning that into the most effective picture becomes totally interesting．

　　All good photographs have one thing in common：there is no doubt what the subject of the picture is meant to be．Every photographer must use those same standards to his or her work, not only to the finished results but to the subject before he or she takes it．Always work out quite clearly what the subject of the picture is to be and why you are taking the picture．For example, I am going to take a picture of this street to show the different styles and ages of the buildings and that people have been living, working and shopping in them since time began．By doing this you have a better idea of what to include in the picture and what to leave out．How often have you been shown photographs taken by people away on a trip somewhere?The judgment is always similar, something about“the car park is out of the picture to the left”, or“you can’t quite see from this picture but if you go up the street”．The photographs are usually collections of buildings, people, parked cars, possibly a distant look of an ancient church, and best of all, a figure which you are told is Aunt Henrietta, disappearing in the middle distance．When photographers show you their pictures, they have a clear idea of what they want to bring to your attention, but it often does not appear in the picture．If they had given just a little of their time to think about their future judgment before taking the picture, then the picture would relate its own story．Good pictures can show their subjects quickly and easily．

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Both the Eskimos and the Plains Indians used open fires in their shelters for warmth but with very different consequences(结果)．The Eskimo house was an airtight igloo made of blocks of ice with a small tunnel-like entrance and a small chimney in the center for smoke from the fire．Temperatures inside the structure easily reached 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit although outside temperatures frequently dropped well below zero．Often the igloo was so hot that the loss of body fluid through perspiration would force the Eskimos to drink cup after cup of ice water．The Plains Indians, on the other hand, placed their fire in a tepee, made with long poles and animal skins with an entrance cut directly into one wall．In contrast with the Eskimo shelter, the tepee was far from airtight; drafts(穿堂风)came in around the door and through gaps between the skins．At night, the Indians would crawl under their blankets, cover their heads, and shiver all night－so much that the blanket would shake!The difference between the Eskimo igloo and the Indian tepee was insulation.(密封性)：the igloo’s walls were solid and airtight whereas those of the tepee permitted a great deal of air to enter．

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　　The beautiful Gothic stone dormitories(宿舍)in which the college freshmen lived were surrounded by a very high but equally beautiful black iron fence．This was to keep the City out．

　　Jersey led herself into the quadrangle(四方院子)with a key．Inside, the landscaping was cool and green．Immense old wooden doors, heavy as coffin lids, led into the Commons．

　　Four weeks before the end of freshman year, and Jersey was still in awe of the campus．Still thrilled that she was here, attending the best college in the nation．Her father had graduated back when the school was all men, and she had been brought up on his college stories．

　　Jersey went to her mail slot, opened it, and found a letter from home．Jersey loved mails．Going to college was worth it just for the mail．She ripped open the letter, which had only one word．ENJOY!said Dad’s handwriting．Wrapped in his letterhead was a hundred dollar bill．Jersey laughed to herself．Dad was so tickled that his little girl was attending his Alma Mater(母校)．All year long he had been celebrating by sending money．

　　Oh, goody!she thought．I’m going to get those shoes Mai found at the Downtown Mall．

　　Mai was one of Jersey’s two roommates, a serious competitor for World’s Best Shopper．While lesser shoppers found anything in any store, Mai zeroed in on terrific bargains at every counter．And Jersey’s other roommate, Susan, had unbelievably good fashion sense．Susan could take some disgusting(令人厌恶的)orange-and- turquoise(青绿色)scarf(围巾)－not fit for a preschooler’s bath towel－pair it with just the right shirt and necklace, and make herself look like a million dollars．

　　Jersey’s proud father was under the impression that she was enjoying classes, boys, dorm life, and the coast－and she was－but better than anything, Jersey enjoyed shopping with Mai and Susan．

　　Unfortunately, Mai and Susan had labs on Mondays and, being dedicated future research scientists, would work right through dinner．Shopping alone rots, thought Jersey, who cares about shoes unless Mai and Susan are along to giggle and criticize and compare?

　　The hundred dollars burned, dying to be spent…

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　　In 1947 the pilot of a small aeroplane saw nine strange objects in the sky over Washington, USA．He said that they looked like saucers．Newspapers printed his story under the headline“Flying Saucers”．

　　Since then, all over the world, people have reported similar strange flying objects．No one knows what they are or where they come from．Some people say that they do not exist, but many others say that they have seen them．Usually people on the ground have seen them but not always．Airline pilots also have reported seeing them and so have astronauts－the men who fly in spaceships．

　　Perhaps some people saw them only in their imagination or illusion(幻觉，错觉)．Perhaps some people made a mistake．But airline pilots and astronauts do not usually make mistakes of this kind．Captain Ed Mitchell, the sixth man to walk on the moon, said in 1974 that he believes that some“flying saucers”are real．Many other people now believe that these strange flying objects are visiting the earth from other worlds in space．

　　“They have come to greet us．”They say．

　　The American government tried to find out more about these objects．It listened to a great many people who said they had seen them．But the Government Committee could not decide on what the objects were．It called them UFOs, which is short for Unidentified Flying Objects．

　　Some even say they have seen people in the flying saucers!In 1964, a driver of a police car in New Mexico saw a UFO landing a mile away．When he reached it, there were two small figures standing near it．They looked like little men．When he reported on his radio, they got inside the object and flew away．

　　In 1973 two men were out fishing in Mississippi River．They say they saw a UFO shaped like an egg．There were three creatures like men but their skins were silver in colour．They had no eyes, and their mouths were just slits(裂缝)，Their noses and ears were pointed．They made the fishermen get inside the UFO for a while．Then the creatures photographed them and took them to the place where they had been fishing．

　　There are many other similar stories．Some are probably untrue but some may be true．No one knows．

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　　The truck shot(飞速通过)past from behind with a loud banging．The banging came from the metal it was carrying－pieces of steel, ten meters long．

　　“Get out of way!”Dr West shouted angrily．He drove the car left and right, but the truck stayed right in front of them, in the middle of the road．

　　The back of the truck fell open, and the ten-meter pieces fell out and shot towards the car．Patrick covered his face with his voice lost in the crash of steel against the steel．

　　The car jumped and shook when the metal hit it．The glass in front of Dr West went white．Ned saw a long piece of steel come through the back seat, a few centimeters from his eyes．Car crashing must be like this, Ned thought．A quick death on the highway．Turning over and over．No chance of escape, to do anything．He wondered how many more seconds he had to live．

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