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　　It is interesting how NASA chose their astronauts for landing them on the moon. They chose men 1 the ages of twenty and thirty-five. There were about fifty of them. Many were 2 air pilots. 3 were scientists with two or three degrees. NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose, told them the plans and the 4 they might get in. Then they asked him if he was willing to be trained as an astronaut. “How could any man 5 such an exciting job?” One of them said, “Dangerous? Of course, it's dangerous, 6 most exciting!”

　　The health and physical condition of 7 was, of course, very necessary. 8 those in very good health and physical condition were chosen. While being trained to be astronauts, they went through many 9 . They studied the stars and the moon, and they also study geology, the science of rocks. This was necessary 10 astronauts could look for rocks on the moon. They would try to find rocks which. might help to tell the 11 of the moon. They were all 12 to fly in helicopters. These helicopters landed. 13 down to give them some experiences of the way the spaceship would 14 land on the moon. They were also taught all the 15 facts about the conditions in space. They learned all the technical details of the spaceships and rocks. They visited the scientists and engineers who 16 them. They visited factories where they were 17 . They learned how every 18 of a spaceship and its instrument worked. They also learned every detail of ground-control 19 .

　　In a word, to be chosen as an astronaut, one must be in good health, 20 in science and good at piloting.

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Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. 1 I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his 2 qualities. First of all, I respected his 3 to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom. His followers liked the fact that he 4 what he taught. Furthermore, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an 5 way, introducing such aids(辅助) to 6 as oil paintings, music, and guest lecturers. Once he 7 sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 8 , I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them 9 the telephone. Drinking coffee in the cafe, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would 10 a student to a game of chess(国际象棋). 11 , he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 12 : agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for 13 on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was 14 by his lively sense of humor(幽默). He believed that no lesson is a success 15 , during it, the students and the professor 16 at least one loud 17 . Through his sense of humor, he made learning more 18 and more lasting. If it is 19 that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, 20 my friend is indeed a wise man.

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　　There was a woman in Detroit, who has two sons. She was worried 1 them, especially the younger one, Ben, 2 he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class 3 fun of him because he seemed so 4.

　　The mother 5 that she would, herself, have to get her sons to do better in school. She 6 them to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a 7 a week and do a report about it for her.

　　One day, in Ben's 8 , the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew it. Ben 9 up his hand and the teacher let him 10 . “Why did Ben raise his hand?” they woundered. He 11 said anything. What could he possibly want to say?

　　Well, Ben not only 12 the rock, he said a lot about it. He named other rocks in its group and even knew 13 the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were 14 . Ben had learned all this from doing one of his book 15 .

　　Ben later went on to the 16 of his class. When he finished high school, he went to Yale University 17 at last became one of the best doctors in the United States.

　　After Ben had grown up, he 18 something about his mother that he did not know as a 19 .

　　She, herself, had never learned how to 20 .

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Surtsey was born in 1963. It was a 1 event for 2 . They were 3 enough to see the 4 of this volcanic(火山的) island. It 5 at 7:30 am on 14th November. A fishing boat 6 near Iceland. The boat 7 a strange smell. He saw some 8 smoke. A volcano was erupting(爆发). The bottom of the grey Atlantic was 9 . Red-hot rocks, flames and smoke were 10 up from a split(裂口) in the sea-bed. The island grew 11 . It was 10 metres high the next day and 60 metres high on 18th November. Scientists flew to Reylejavik to 12 . It was very 13 . Smoke and flames were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were 14 into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was 15 and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. 16 it stopped in June 1967. It was 175 metres 17 and 2 kilometres long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Seeds 18 over the sea. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists 19 . They want to 20 this young island.

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　　Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in the year. It 1 suddenly in the midafternoon and 2 more than three hours. At first, the sky grew 3 all of a sudden. Within minutes, lots of lightning forced a way into the sky. Then it was 4 by the boom-boom-boom of 5 . A very strong wind blew into my room. My valuable notes, 6 on my desk in the room, 7 high into the air. I jumped up to 8 them but unluckily a few sheets 9 out of the open window. 10 I ran out to get the notes, big drops of rain began to 11 .

　　As soon as I ran back into the house, the 12 began to pour in waves. I 13 to close the windows. I did it but I was wet all over. I 14 myself with a towel. Then I heard a sudden loud 15 from the back of the house. I ran out of the room to 16 what it was. A tree was broken. Part of its big branch 17 across the floor. The table was 18 into pieces. It would 19 a lot of work to rebuild it. However, we were 20 that no one was hurt.

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　　Joe Biggs was a butcher(肉商) in a village. He worked in it for many years while his father was there. Then when his father 1 the age of 65, he stopped working. Joe was alone in it, so he had to work 2 .

　　Joe worked five and a half days a week. His shop 3 at one o'clock on Thursday, and it was shut 4 of Sunday. Saturdays were the 5 day.

　　Most of Joe's 6 came to his shop from the nearest town. However sometimes he got up earlier 7 and drove into the city to choose meat. It was cheaper there.

　　Joe had a big refrigerator in his shop, but he tried not to buy too much meat 8 , and to sell it 9 he bought more.

　　One day a woman came into the shop at five minutes to one. “I'm 10 , I'm late,” she said, “ 11 some people have just phoned to say that they are going to 12 tonight, and I need some meet.” Joe only had 13 of good meat. He had sold 14 earlier in the day. He took the piece out and said, “This is 6.5 pounds.”

　　“That piece is too 15 ,”the woman said, “Haven't you got anything bigger?” Joe went into the room behind his shop, opened the refrigerator, 16 the piece of meat into it, took 17 out again and shut the door of the refrigerator 18 . Then he brought the piece back to the woman and said, “This piece is bigger and 19 . It's 8.75 pounds.”

　　“Good,” the woman said with a smile. “Give me 20 of them.”

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　　As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears(恐惧) were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.

　　Maybe it was the strange 1 things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 2 me so much. There was never total 3 , but a streetlight or passing car lights 4 clothes hung over a chair take on the 5 of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my 6 , I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no 7 . A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My 8 would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would 9 very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me.

　　Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, 10 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home－that was no 11 . After school, 12 , when all the buses were 13 up along the street, I was afraid that I'd get on the wrong one and be taken to some 14 neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my 15 .

　　Perhaps one of the worst fears 16 all I had as a child was that of not being liked or 17 by others. Being popular was so important to me 18 , and the fear of not being liked was a 19 one.

　　One of the processes(过程) of growing up is being able to recognize and overcome(克服) our 20 . Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.

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　　It's always interesting to visit another country, especially(尤其) for those who have never travelled a great deal. Foreign 1 can be very educational(有教育意义的) for 2 if he is interested 3 to make preparations(准备) before going. Learning the 4 of the new country would be 5 for the traveller, but the benefits of 6 an effort would become clear immediatedly 7 his arrival. It may not seem 8 to him when he comfortably stays at home, but knowing 9 to order a meal or rent(习俗) a room is 10 for the newcomer in a 11 country. Without 12 the language, it is 13 difficult for the stranger to understand the people of the 14 and their customs(习俗).

　　Of course, in our small 15 , it is often possible to find someone who understands our own language, but this is 16 second best for the traveler. To be sure, he can 17 places and things without the 18 of a language, but places and things are not the 19 of any country. To get the greatest benefit(好处) from a trip to another country, it is 20 important for the visitor to have an understanding of the language.

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　　Do you know 1 languages there are in the world? There are about 1,500, but many of them are not very 2 . English is one of the most important languages because many people 3 it, not only in England and America, 4 in other countries of the world. About 200, 000, 000 people speak it 5 their own language, and another 200,000,000 use it as 6 language. It is 7 to say how many people are learning it. 8 boys and girls in schools are trying to do so.

　　Many English children study French. French is also a very important language. 9 children study German, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.

　　Which is the best 10 to learn a language? We know that we all learnt 11 language well when we were 12 . If we learn a second language in the 13 way, it won't seem so difficult. How does a small child do? It 14 what people say, and it tries to guess what it hears. When it wants something, it has to 15 it. It is using the language, 16 in it and talking in it all the time. If people use a second language 17 , they will learn it 18 .

　　In school, you learn to read, to write, to hear and to speak. It is best to learn all new words through the 19 . You can read them, spell them and 20 them later.

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　　Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road. 1 she found she got a flat tyre. The 22-year-old student 2 to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk. No 3 tyre.

　　At this time, a car 4 . Paul and Diane told Clay to 5 them to a service station near their 6 . They arrived to see that it had no suitable tyres to 7 with her car. “Follow us home,” said Paul.

　　The couple called around to find a tyre. No 8 They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handing Clay a 9 of keys, “Take our car. We 10 be using it over the holiday.”

　　Clay was 11 . “But I'm going all the way to South Carolina, and I'll be gone for two weeks,” she 12 them.

　　“We know,” Paul said. “We'll be 13 when you get back. Here's our number if you need to 14 us.”

　　Unable to believe her eyes, Clay watched as the 15 put her luggage into their car and then 16 her off. Two weeks later she 17 to find her old car cleaned inside and out with three new tyres and the radio 18 .

　　“Thank you so much,” she said. “How much do I 19 you?” “Oh, no,” Paul said, “we don't want any money. It's our 20 .” Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to pass on their “do unto others” spirit.

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