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Libraries

　　No one can hope to own all the books he may want to read or use．[1]________

　　A good library contains thousands of books on all kinds of subjects．They are arranged on the shelves in certain order so that any particular book is easy to find．[2]________

　　[3]________ If we are looking for a particular book or a book on a particular subject, we will need to look up a card index．An author index lists authors alphabetically and tells which of their books are in the library．A subject index lists all the books in the library on any particular subject．Both indexes list classification numbers so that the books can be found easily．

　　[4]________ The books in the reference library are reference books and are for use inside the library only．They include dictionaries, directories, and encyclopedias．The reference section usually has a selection, of uptodate newspapers and magazines．[5]________

a．Most libraries have a reference section as well as the ordinary lending section．

b．Each subject is given a number according to a standard method of classification．

c．Fiction books, for example, are usually arranged alphabetically, according to the names of the authors．Nonfiction books are arranged subject by subject．

d．Readers can find the books they want to read by computers in every library．

e．Fortunately there are libraries in most towns that will lend us the books．Some are school libraries, others are public libraries．There may even be traveling libraries that visit remote areas．

f．Readers may also be able to read old issues of newspapers on microfilm by means of a microfilm reader．Storing information on microfilm saves a lot of valuable space．In university and some other libraries copies of many things, for example, documents, articles, and plans, are available on microfilm．

g．If you go to the library, you can read many books．

下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。

　　Have you ever dreamed 　　1　　 being in front of lots of audience at a concert, 　　2　　 everyone clapping and enjoying your singing? If we are 　　3　　 with ourselves, most of us have dreamed of being famous．But how do people get to form a band?

　　In America, bands are formed by high school students．They may play to 　　4　　 in the street or subway 　　5　　 they can earn extra money．This gives a group a chance to dream of becoming 　　6　　．

　　However, there was one band formed in a different way．It began 　　7　　 a TV show．The musicians 　　8　　 the band was formed played 　　9　　 on each other 　　10　　 played music．Their music and jokes were 　　11　　 loosely 　　12　　 the band called “The Beatles”．The TV organizers had looked for four musicians who were 　　13　　 and who could make good music．They put an 　　14　　 in the newspaper, but they had to use actors 　　15　　 the other members of the band．At first actors may not be able to sing while the band 　　16　　 to sing songs．

　　Their 　　17　　 performances were copied by other groups．After a year 　　18　　 they became more serious about their work and started to play 　　19　　 and write their own songs．Then they produced their own records and started touring．

　　However, the band 　　20　　 in about 1970, but reunited in the mid 1980s．A new record was produced in 1996 to celebrate their time 　　21　　 a real band．

阅读

　　Ludwig Van Beethoven was one of the greatest musicians in the 19th century．John Lennon was one of the greatest musicians in the 20th century．Although there is a period of about 200 years between them, they are quite similar in certain ways．

　　Both men expressed the spirit of their time in their music．Beethoven lived in the period of rising capitalism．At that time, people were trying to break the period of feudalism(封建制), and they were pursuing freedom, equality, and universal love．This social trend, especially the French revolution, greatly inspired Beethoven．His music was very active, passionate and vigorous．Some of his works praised heroism, some conveyed the love for nature, and some extolled(赞美)harmony among people．Similarly, Lennon’s music revealed his time．In the 60s and 70s, the youth in America were deeply frustrated by the discrimination and injustice in the society and were longing to build a new one．Most of Lennon’s songs expressed the ideas of the youth．In one of his songs entitled “Imagine”, he sings, “Imagine all the people, living under peace”, and “The world will be united together as one”．These words show his anti war attitude and his hope for peace, and reflect the spirit of the 1960s and 1970s．

　　Both men were social rebels to some extent．They refused to bow to social conventions and power．Beethoven admired Napoleon so much that he dedicated his Symphony No．5, the theme of which is heroism, to him．But then Napoleon corned himself and became an emperor．Beethoven was so angry that he openly declared he took back what he had said about Napoleon, regardless of possible persecution．Lennon was also considered a trouble maker．He was not even allowed to give public performances．But he ignored all this and stuck to his belief．

　　As musicians, both men led to great leaps in the history of music．Beethoven’s main contribution to music was his symphonies．It was he who clearly defined the form of symphony and fully developed it, which marked the end of the classical period and the beginning of the romantic period．His nine symphonies, especially No．5, No．6 and No．9, are as highly regarded today as they were 100 years ago．Lennon’s achievement combined rhythm and blues with rock music, which laid the foundation for modern rockandroll music．

　　Although they had many things in common, Beethoven and Lennon belonged to different ages and thus were different in many ways．Beethoven’s life was full of disasters and struggles．At the age of 29, when he was at the climax of his career, he lost his hearing, which was not very different from death penalty to a musician．But Beethoven managed to overcome this barrier, and miraculously showed his willpower! But Lennon’s life was much easier．He was able to live in comparative comfort, for he earned a lot from his discs and concerts．His way to success was not so hard as Beethoven’s．

　　The names of both Beethoven and Lennon are inscribed on the monument to the history of music．They will always be remembered for their unique styles, great productivity, and indomitable personalities．

Task：

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　　CATV is a short way of saying “community antenna(社区天线)television”．But “cable television” is the term most people use．[1]________

　　Television signals do not follow the curve(曲线)of the earth．[2]________ If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all．

　　[3]________ A community antenna was usually placed on a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower．Theantenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station．From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes．Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge．

　　CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found for it．Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use．[4]________

　　Today, cable television has moved into cities．It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see．[5]________

A．They travel in straight lines in all directions．Signals from a TV station move toward the horizon(地平线)and then go into space．

B．The wide use of CATV is due to the widespread of the TV set in almost every family．

C．Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas．

D．People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge．

E．CATV began in 1948．People in places far from TV stations shared the cost of putting up high antennas．

F．It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country．

G．Therefore, they could watch TV with extra charge．

下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。

　　Not long ago there was a girl 　　1　　 daisy．One day she went to see some animals by a 　　2　　 chair．First she arrived in Tibet and wanted to see the antelopes．But there were few left．An antelope told her that their 　　3　　 is being used to make sweaters and they were killed for the wool from under their 　　4　　．In three years they might be 　　5　　．daisy felt sorry for that．Next she was in Zimbabwe．An elephant told daisy the story about them and rhinos：they were becoming 　　6　　．Farmers didn’t want to 　　7　　 them even though tourists loved to see them．Afterwards the government decided to help．If the tour companies 　　8　　 for hunting, they must pay the farmers．　　9　　 farmers no longer hunted them．At last the flying chair took daisy to a thick rain forest．The animals there were protected well．

　　Daisy had learned a lot from the 　　10　　．

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　　Soil conservation(保护)efforts protect soil from wind and water that can blow or wash it away．[1]_________ One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks．Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away．They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops．Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants with many leaves．[2]_________ Windbreaks are effective when a wall of trees and other plants blocks the wind．The windbreaks should also limit violent motions of the wind to those areas closest to the windbreak．

　　[3]_________ If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely, then violent air motions will take place close to the ground．These motions cause the soil to lift up into the air where it will be blown away．[4]_________ An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak．There should be at least two lines in each windbreak．One line should be large trees．The second line, right next to it, can be formed from shorter trees and other plants with leaves．Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind．They can also provide wood products．[5]_________

a．Windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through．

b．Good soil produces food crops for both humans and animals．

c．For the long term, trees will be planted throughout the area to act as windbreaks which will provide adequate protection．

d．Farmers plant windbreaks in lines around their fields．They are very important when grains such as wheat are grown．

e．Plantations are also sometimes known as “man made forests” or “tree farms”．Environmental Plantations may be established for watershed or soil protection．These are established for erosion control, landslide stabilization and windbreaks reduce carbon di oxide and increase oxygen levels in atmosphere．

f．These include wood for fuel and longer pieces for making fences．Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks．

g．For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only 60 to 80 per cent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line．

下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。

I was born in 1642 in 　　1　　．One hundred and eighty-two years later, I was built 　　2　　 an Analytical Machine, 　　3　　 instructions from cards with holes．In 1936, my real father, Alan Turing, 　　4　　 how computers could be made to work in a book and solved any mathematic problem by 　　5　　 a 　　6　　 machine．People were surprised at my artifical 　　7　　．At first, I was the size of a large room．As times has 　　8　　, I have been made smaller and smaller．　　9　　, I got new transistors．My memory became 　　10　　 and 　　11　　, but I got 　　12　　 and 　　13　　, quicker and quicker．I could share information with others and talk to each other by a 　　14　　．It was in the 　　15　　 that my family and I have been used by billions of people．I am happy that I have truly been built to serve 　　16　　 since my birth．

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　　Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been a few players who were really great．[1]________

　　Firstly, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past－the players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate．[2]________ There has never been a great national team, or a really great player, from North America or from Asia．

　　[3]________

　　Finally, many great players came from the same kind of neighborhood(地方), a poor, crowded area where a boy’s dream is not to become a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer(演员)．[4]________．And George Best learned the tricks that made him famous by bouncing(使球跳)the ball off a wall in the slums(贫民窟)of Belfast．

　　All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn’t explain why they are great．Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele．[5]________

A．For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years．Pele practiced in the street with a “ball” made of rags(破布)．

B．Secondly, all these players have had years of practice in this game．Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele．Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four．

C．How did these players get that way, was it through training and practice, or were great players “born, not made”?

D．Those players all had very hard, or rather painful time practicing in an unknown team, even alone．

E．The greatest players are born with unique(独一无二的)quality that sets them apart from all the others．

F．In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup, three from South America and three from Western Europe．

G．There have been several countries from North America and Europe, which have ever won the World Cup．

下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。

Pausanias was an 　　1　　 Greece writer．He wanted to 　　2　　 out something about the 　　3　　 games more than 2000 years later, so he 　　4　　 a Chinese girl, Lili．From the talk with Lili, he knew that there are 　　5　　 sets of Games－the Summer and the Winter Olympics, both of 　　6　　 are held 　　7　　 four years．During the Games, 　　8　　 from all over the world are 　　9　　 as 　　10　　 to compete 　　11　　 each other for the honour of winning．　　12　　 surprised Pausanias most was that women are 　　13　　 allowed to join in but play a very important 　　14　　 in it．He also learned that the Games is not held only in Greece but among many other countries who apply for it, which is just 　　15　　 a competition to host as to win an Olympic medal．No one competes for money．

11 November, 2005－The Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad－Beijing 2008(BOCOG)has launched the five official mascots for the Beijing Games at a gala show, in the Chinese capital, held to mark the 1000day　countdown to the Opening Ceremony of the Games．The five mascots are officially called “The Five Friendlies”．They are Beibei, the fish; Jingjing, the panda; Huanhuan, the Olympic flame; Yingying, the Tibetan antelope; and Nini, the swallow．The first syllables from their two?syllable names form a line that reads “Beijing Huanying Ni”, or in English－“Welcome to Beijing”．The mascot’s colours were chosen in line with the colours of the Olympic rings．

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