TUVALU,a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean,has asked for help as it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea.

Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five metres above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply,as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable. Without urgent help,the country's days are numbered.

But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice,a historic city in Italy best known for its canals,has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 20&50 cm by 2050.A century ago,St.Mark's Square,the lowest point in the city,flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays,it happens more than 100 times.

While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands,Tuvalu's rising sea level is caused by global warming.

The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degree over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by an extra 1&3 degrees over the next 100 years.

Warmer weather makes glaciers （冰川） melt,adding more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand,so it takes up more space,causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen about 10&25 cm in the last 100 years.

The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal,oil and gas,people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as CO₂.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect,making the planet even warmer.

Many scientists believe that,if the warming is not stopped,there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one meter this century.

Should this come true,millions of homes will be swallowed up by the sea and the world will be flooded with “climate refugees” looking for somewhere to live.

1.The people of Tuvalu are afraid that _________.

A.they will be in great hunger

B.salt water will cover the little country

C.without help,the country will be flooded by rain water

D.the mud under Tuvalu is going to sink 2.5 cm every year

2.What is the result as the climate goes on?

A.Venice will sink 24 cm in the following 100 years.

B.Only the glaciers can be melted.

C.It makes the seawater reduced.

D.The sea level will be raised.

3.Why is the globe becoming warmer and warmer?

A.Because that the seawater is being polluted.

B.Because a lot of terrible fires have broken out in the cities.

C.Because,with the development of industry and the living level rising,more and more coal,oil and gas are being burnt.

D.Because the greenhouse is bigger and bigger.

4.What does the underlined word“refugees”mean?

A.changes

B.sea waves

C.animals

D.people who lost their homes

　　 Other groups have focused on the document's defence of the right to rebel against an unjust government.　The Declaration of Independence had a deep effect on the French Revolution;　its influence was strong in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,　adopted by the National Assembly of France in 1789.In the 19th century the principles of the declaration were adopted by various Latin American movements fighting for independence from European colonial powers.　The declaration influences more recent struggles for national identity(身份):Vietnamese Communist leader HoChi Mink,　for example,　used the American document as one of the basic principles behind his fight to establish an independent and unified Vietnam.?

　　 The document itself continues to be an important symbol for the American people.　Today,　each page of the Declaration of Independence is protected.　Over one million Americans view the document each year in Washington,　D.C.,　where it is displayed along with the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.?

　　 1．What can be inferred about the 20th?century feminists?

　　 A.　They fought against racism,　using the Declaration of independence?.?

　　 B.　They defended women's rights by referring to “men and women”.?

　　 C.　They held conferences to discuss the Declaration of Independence.?

　　 D.　They proclaimed the Independence of Women's Rights.

　　 2．The passage gives the example of the French Revolution to show that ________.

　　 A.　the Declaration of Independence ensures people's rights to supervise(监督) the government?

　　 B.　the Declaration of Independence ensures the equality for all men?

　　 C.　French people and the U.S. are closely minted?

　　 D.　the French Revolution had a strong influence on many Latin American Movements

　　 3．From the last paragraph,　we can see that today the Declaration of Independence__________ .?

　　 A.　has had many of its pages lest?

　　 B.　is only available in Washington D.C.?

　　 C.　is still supported by the American people?

　　 D.　has had many changes

　　 4．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　 A.　The Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution.?

　　 B.　The Declaration of Independence's influence on other countries.?

　　 C.　The application of the Declaration of Independence by different people.?

　　 D.　The different purposes of the Declaration of Independence intended by its authors.??

　　Bleeding:　A little bleeding does not harm.　It washes the dirt from the wound.　But if the bleeding continues，try to stop it by placing a clean cloth（the inside of a folded handkerchief，for example） firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or until help arrives.?

If the wound is a small one and made by something clean，wash it carefully with soap and water.　Then band it firmly but not too tightly.　A large wound，or a dirty one，should be treated by a doctor.?

　　Poison:　A person who has swallowed poison should be taken to a hospital at once.　With some poisons and sleeping pills，for example，it is a good thing to make a patient sick by pushing your finger down to his throat.　But if he swallowed some kind of acid（酸），anything that burns，it would be a bad thing to make him sick.　The poison would burn his throat as it came up.　It is，therefore，best to take the patient to hospital at once.　But try to find out what the patient has taken so that you can tell the doctor.?

1.If a boy falls off a bike and gets his leg broken，you should first 　　　　.?

A.　move him onto bed　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.　tell him to move carefully?

C.　send for a doctor　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.　send for an ambulance at once?

2.If you are careless to have a cut on your finger，you should 　　　　.?

A.　put some oil on it at once

B.　call for your mother quickly?

C.　band it quickly and tightly

D.　wash the wound with soap and water?

3.When you find your neighbor has swallowed poison，you should　　　　 .?

A.　try to make him sick

B.　give him some other medicine to eat at once?

C.　take him to a hospital at once

D.　try to find out what he had eaten?

4.Form the passage we know　　　　 .?

A.　where to call for an ambulance

B.　how to deal with some first aid?

C.　why we need first aid

D.　when the first aid is needed

1.Australopithecus(南方古猿) afarensis

They had apelike faces and their brains were a third the size of modern humans' brains.They lived 3.9 million years ago.Fossils(化石) were found in Ethiopia(埃塞俄比亚) in 1974.

2.Paranthropus boisei

Covered with fur,they had strong arms and gorilla?like faces.They lived 1-2.5 million years ago.Fossils were found in Tanzania(坦桑尼亚) in 1959.

3.Homo habilis

Homo habilis,which actually means “handy man”,was the first species to make and use primitive stone tools.They lived 1.6-2.2 million years ago.Fossils were found in Tanzania in 1960.

4.Homo erectus

With skeletons very similar to those of modern humans,they were probably the first to use fire.They lived 30 000-1 800 000 years ago.Fossils have been found in Africa and Asia since 1893.

5.Homo heidelbergensis

They were skilled hunters who used spears to kill animals.Their bodies were similar to ours,although more muscular and larger boned.They lived 200 000-500 000 years ago.Fossils have been found in Ethiopia,Germany,France and Spain since 1921.

6.Homo Neanderthal

Their brains were at least as large as the average modern humans',while their smaller bodies helped them deal with cold climates.They lived 30 000-230 000 years ago.Fossils have been found in France and Iraq since 1856.

1.What is considered more important in the development of the human?

A.Man could stand on two feet.

B.Man's brain became big enough.

C.Man's arms became strong.

D.Man could use the stone tools.

2.Handy man's fossils were found in _________.

A.Tanzania in 1960　　　　　　 B.Germany in 1921

C.France in 1856　　　　　　　　 D.Tanzania in 1959

3.Which of the following lived earliest on the earth?

A.Homo Neanderthal.　　　　　　 B.Homo habilis.

C.Paranthropus boisei.　　　　　　 D.Australopithecus afarensis.

　　You don't have to shop in health food stores to follow the guidelines.One easy way to plan menus that follow the food pyramid is shop only in the outer aisles of the grocery store.In most supermarkets，fresh fruits and vegetables，dairy，fresh meat and frozen foods are in the outer aisles of the store.Grains，like paste，rice，bread，are located on the next aisles，the first inner rows.Finally，the farthest inside of the store is where you'll find chips and snacks，cookies and pastries，soda pop and drink mixes.These are the kinds of foods that nutritionists say everyone should eat rarely，if at all.If you stay in the outer aisles of the grocery store，you won't be tempted to buy foods you shouldn't eat，and you will find a wide variety of healthy foods to choose from.Another benefit of shopping this way is that grocery shopping takes less time.?

1.A good title for this article would be 　　　　.?

A.How to Shop in a Health Food Store?

B.How to Shop Efficiently?

C.How to Shop for Healthy Food?

D.How to Cook Healthy Food?

2.According to the food pyramid，people should 　　 .?

A.eat more grains than meat?

B.never eat fats and sweets?

C.mostly eat meat only with vegetables?

D.rarely eat bread and other starches?

3.According to the passage，on the inside aisles of the grocery store you will find 　　 .?

A.cleaning products

B.dog and cat food?

C.wine and beer?

D.chips and snacks?

4.In order to follow the main advice in the passage，it would be most helpful to know 　　 .?

A.where to buy a copy of the “The Food Pyramid”?

B.whether rice has more calories than paste?

C.which supermarket the author is referring to?

D.how much of each kind of food equals a serving

　　William E.Hoy was born in Houckstown，Ohio，on May 23，1862.He became deaf when he was two years old.He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf.After graduation，he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.

　　Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh(Wisconsin)of the Northwestern League.In 1888，he started as an outfielder(外场手)with the old Washington Senators.His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner.He was very good at stealing bases during his career.In the 1888 major league season，he stole 82 bases.He was also the Senators' leading hitter in 1888.Hoy was clever；he threw right-handed and batted(击球)left-handed.On June 19，1889，he threw out three batters at the plate from his outfield position.The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy.The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike，and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.

　　For many years，people talked about Hoy's last ball game in 1903.He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League.It was a memorable game because Hoy made a wonderful play which won the game.It was a very foggy night and，therefore，very hard to see the ball.In the ninth inning(棒球的一局)，with two men out，Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog.Los Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game.

　　After he retired，Hoy stayed busy.He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years.He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches.Until a few years before his death，he took 4-10 miles' walks several mornings a week.On December 15，1961，William Hoy died at the age of 99.

1.In which order did the following things happen in Hoy's life？

a.Hoy worked as a shoemaker.

b.Hoy began to run a diary farm.

c.Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.

d.Hoy threw the first ball of World Series.

e.Hoy became deaf.

A.d—e—a—c—b　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.e—a—c—b—d

C.d—a—e—c—b　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.e—a—b—c—d

2.We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy ______ in his late years.

A.became famous　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.led a relaxed life

C.traveled around the world　　　　　　　　　　D.was in good physical condition

3.This passage is mainly about _______.

A.a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball

B.baseball game rules and important players

C.the rise in the social position of the deaf people

D.where the baseball judge hand signals came from

4.What can be inferred from this passage？

A.Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.

B.Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.

C.The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.

D.Hoy's family encouraged him to become a baseball player.

In such a case, artificial respiration(人工呼吸) is necessary. An effective way of saving a person is mouth-to-mouth breathing. Knowing how to do mouth-to-mouth quickly and properly is not only important but also necessary to save a life.

First, lay the person on his back. Check inside the mouth for any foreign object. Second, by putting one hand on the forehead and one hand under the neck, push the head back. Third, press up on the angle of the jaw(颚) just below the ears. This will move the tongue out of the throat. Fourth, pinch(挟) the nostrils(鼻孔) closed and then place your mouth over the person's mouth. Fifth, blow your air into his mouth. His chest should rise. Sixth, remove your mouth to let the person breathe out. Repeat this twelve to fourteen times per minute.

1.A good title for this passage would be__________.

A.　The Danger of Swimming

B.　What Happened on the Beach

C.　How to Learn Swimming

D.　One Way to Save a Life

2.An important part of artificial respiration is__________.

A.　acting rapidly

B.　knowing how to swim

C.　cleaning your own mouth

D.　putting one hand on the forehead

3.In one minute you should breathe about___________times.

A.　twenty　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.　sixteen

C.　thirteen　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.　eleven

During the opening ceremonies,after the official greetings from the government leaders,

people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands,and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another,groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand,a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair:their long,dark,shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.

The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares.The crowd is on its feet for the camel races.Camels and riders run far into the distance,and then return to the finish line in front of the cheering people.?

Towards the evening,there comes the grand finale of the opening day,an extremely exciting horserace.All the riders run very fast on horseback.Some riders hang off the side of their saddles.

Some even ride upside down—their legs and feet straight up in the air—all at full speed.Others rush down the course together,men arm in arm,on different horses.On and on they went.So fast and so wonderful!

1.The Sahara Festival is a festival which __________.?

A.has a very long history in North Africa?

B.is held in the same place on the same day?

C.is attended mainly by the people in the Sahara?

D.is celebrated mostly by travelers from different countries?

2.Before the races begin, __________take part in the activities during the opening ceremonies.?

A.musicians,dancers,dogs and hares?

B.camel riders,musicians,dogs and hares?

C.horsemen,dancers,camels and dogs?

D.musicians,officials,camels and horses?

3.The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the __________of the opening day.?

A.first part　　　　　　 B.middle　　　　　　　　C.last part　　　　　　 D.whole?

4.This passage mainly tells readers__________ .?

A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival?

B.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival?

C.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival?

D.how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival??

　　The above findings，based on observation（观察）of 100 babies aged three months to three years，might prove interesting to working parents who must find day care for their babies.Family care in a private home，with several babies together，is probably the ideal way to care for babies under three.Dr Benjamin Spocks，well?known pediatrician（儿科医生） and author of books about babies，supports the idea.He says that family day care is sounder（有理由的） in theory than hiring a housekeeper or a babysitter.

1.Which of the following does a baby like to be with best？

A.Housekeeper.　　B.A fellow baby.　　C.An adult nearby.　　D.A teenager.

2.It seems that a baby may begin to have friends when _________.

A.it is born　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.it is a few months old

C.it is three years old　　　　　　　　 D.it is six years old

3.What does the“family day care” refer to in the last sentence？

A.Letting a baby alone.　　　　　　 B.Hiring a babysitter for a baby.

C.Having several babies together.　　 D.Hiring a housekeeper for a baby.

In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball. In 1935 August Piccard dived 10 330 feet. In 1960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35 800 feet.?

All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded. Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.?

Now scientists are developing even better equipment. With this new equipment, men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks. In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then, in 1964, he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea. This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface.?

Many countries are now studying undersea living. The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea. The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Virgin Islands. In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks. Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory. Next came other teams of men. All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world. ?

1. In order to________, scientists are exploring below the surface of the ocean.

A. know about the ocean water deep in the ocean?

B. stay down longer to study life of the plant and animal below the surface

C. know about the plant and animal life deep in the ocean?

D. both A and C

2. Who made the deepest dive?

A. William Beebe.

B. August Piccard. ?

C. Jean Piccard.

D. Cousteau.

3. Who set up the first undersea station?

A. A Frenchman.

B. An American.?

C. A Russian.

D. The passage made no mention.

4. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The early divers could not stay down for very long.?

B. Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory.

C. The purpose of setting up the undersea laboratories is to make plans for the use of the resources in the ocean.?

D. None of the above is true.

5. The author wants to tell us_________.

A. that scientists try to explore the ocean depths?

B. that scientists try to make use of resources in the ocean?

C. about the secret of the plant and animal life in the ocean?

D. both A and B