Using Language

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HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HEIP WILDLIFE

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　　At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need for paper copies of documents(文件)because they could be stored electronically．But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper．

　　It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime．“I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down．”says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organization．

　　Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets．Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer．Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co．announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a one-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer．As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers．

　　Does all this mean environmental concerns(环境问题)have been forgotten?Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away．“I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling(回收利用)．”said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco．Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful．He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity．The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste．

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　　Personal computers and the Internet give people new choice about how to spend their time．Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about．I know this from personal experience．

　　E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings．My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office．This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool．

　　The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends．Say you do something funny－see a great movie perhaps－and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it．If you call each one, you will get tired of telling the story．

　　With e-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience(在你方便时), and address it to all the friends you think might be interested．They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to．They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience．

　　E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far away．More than a few parents use e-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college．

　　We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch．They don't eliminate(排除)any of the old ways．

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　　Microsoft founder Bill Gates said that he planned to give away almost all of his vast fortune(财产), largely to the cause(事业)of global health, during the course of his lifetime．With an estimated(估计)worth of more than ＄40 billion, according to Forbes, the project will be no small feat(功绩)for Gates．Having already provided the Bill ＆ Melinda Gates Foundation with ＄24 billion to address global health issues, Gates said that eventually(最终地)his entire fortune will be put toward to the cause except“a few percent left for the kids”．

　　So what has made the richest man in the world to channel his resources so heavily into one interest? Gates believes that“the equality of opportunity”in which Americans take such pride needs to extend to other nations around the world．Improving the health of the populations, he says, has proven to be an essential(基本的)method in helping poor countries to be financially successful．“National borders allow inequalities．”said Gates．“We all need to take a more global view, rather than just saying my country is doing well．We have to step up these health issues, knowing how few resources are going into them．”

　　Gates said that both his parents set up an example for him as a child．His father, William H．Gates, was the head of the local Planned Parenthood, and his mother, Mary, volunteered for the Untied Way．As he gathered his fortune, Gates knew he would eventually want to give back as well, but he didn't expect to devote himself whole-heartedly to one project until he was about 60．However, Gates, 47, began to question his ability to wait that long．“It seemed there was a real time urgency,”Gates said．“I started to think, How many lives could I save before then?”

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　　Make a few mouse clickings and one of the most important things in your life can be perfectly settled．Though the web may not provide you with a pleasant lover, it can make all the wedding arrangements for you．

　　“Couples are now inclined(倾向)to arrange their weddings on line while business people are changing strategy(策略)by working together with marriage websites to generate(产生)profits(利润),”said Lin Zhen, assistant to the chief executive officer(CEO首席执行官)at 51marry．com, the city's only marriage website．

　　Some newlyweds-to-be(快要结婚的人)get satisfied with its convenience(方便)and high quality．Most young couples who are busy with their own work may feel it troublesome to care about every detail．“I felt a bit dizzy trying to make all my wedding arrangements on my own,”said Zhang Jianbisn, a young white-collar worker who is planning to turn to website for his October wedding．

　　“I can enjoy a favorable price that is 30 percent lower than in the off-line market,”Zhang added．

　　On the other hand, some wedding photo studios, hotels, wedding costume(服装)producers and travel agencies also seize the opportunity to cooperate with the website：They think that the website's large database(资料库)can bring them more customers and increase their profits．

　　51marry．com has now attached(连接)900 couples since it began to operate in February this year．People expect more websites targeting(把……作为目标)the marriage market．

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　　New York：when the first jet struck, World Trade Center at 8∶48 a.m. on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do：get out fast．

　　Katherine Hachinski, who had been knocked off her chair by the blast of heat exploding from the neighboring tower, was one of those．Despite her 70 years of age, Ms Hachinski, and architect working on the 91st floor of 2 World Trade Center, the south tower, went for the stairs．Twelve floors above her, Judy Wein, an executive, screamed and set off too．

　　But others up and down the 110 floors, many without clear views of the damage across the way and thus unclear about what was happening, were not so sure．And the 18 minutes before the next plane would hit were ticking off．

　　Amid the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the sound tower instructed people to stay put, assuring them that the building was sound and the threat was limited to the other tower．

　　Some left, others stayed．Some began to climb down and, when met with more announcements and other cautions to stop or return, went back up．The decisions made in those instants proved to be of great importance, because many who chose to stay were doomed when the second jet crashed into the south tower, killing many and stranding many more in the floor above where the jet hit．

　　One of those caught in indecision was the executive at Fuji Bank USA．

　　Richard Jacobs of Fuji Bank left the 79th floor with the other office workers, but on the 48th floor they heard the announcement that the situation was under control．Several got in the lifts and went back up, two minutes or so before the plane crashed into their floor．

　　“I just don't know what happened to them,”Mr Jacobs said．

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　　Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been a few players who were really great．How did these players get that way, was it through training and practice, or were great players“born, not made”?

　　Firstly, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past－the players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate．In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup, three from South America and three from Western Europe．There has never been a great national team, or a really great player, from North America or from Asia．Secondly, all these players have had years of practice in this game．Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele．Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four．

　　Finally, many great players came from the same kind of neighborhood(地方), a poor, crowded area where a boy's dream is not to become a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer(演员)．For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years．Pele practiced in the street with a“ball”made of rags(破布)．And George Best learned the tricks that made him famous by bouncing(使球跳)the ball off a wall in the slums(贫民窟)of Belfast．

　　All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn't explain why they are great．Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele．The greatest players are born with unique(独一无二的)quality that sets them apart from all the others．

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　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still scolding the disputed(争论)refereeing decisions that took victory to their team．A researcher was sent to study the performance of some top referees．

　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament(联赛；锦标赛)including four youth teams．Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge．

　　Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament．Converted(转变)to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkable high number．

　　The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail．Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident．When the officials got it right, they were, on average,17 meters away from the action．The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters．The research shows the optimum(合适的)distance is about 20 meters．

　　There also seemed to be an optimum speed．Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second．The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second．If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues．He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided．If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical(关键)．

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　　Shanghai Shenhua Beats Kashima Antlers in AFC Champions League．

　　Hundreds of Japanese fans at Bangkok's National Stadium fell into silence when the referee(裁判)whistled on Wednesday dusk(黄昏), ending Kashima Antlers' struggle to change their 3-4 failure to China's Shanghai Shenhua．

　　“This time the luck isn't on us,”said the Kashima Antlers coach(教练)Toninho Cerezo．

　　“But it's an exciting match,”said an anonymous(匿名的)official of the Asia Football Confederation(AFC)after the match．

　　If only judged by the number of shots, the match between Antlers and Shenhua was really an exciting one, which witnessed(见证)the most shots of seven in the AFC Champion League 2002/2003 quarter-final Group A．(A组四分之一决赛)

　　The shot of Chinese player Yang Guang in two minutes seemed to predict(预言)the high frequency of shooting at this game．

　　In less than 10 minutes, Shenhua's Chinese international Zhang Yuning scored one more goal for Shenhua．

　　Under the swift(快速)attack of Shenhua, Antlers' Takuya Nozawa pulled one goal back at the 25th minute, while Shenhua's Martinez Ascel scored the third goal in the 32nd minute．

　　The game grew more and more intense in the second half after Antler scored one more goal at the 14th minute．

　　Wishing to draw(打平)the rival, Antlers beefed up its attack, while the match was interrupted several times by controversial(有争议的)whistles．

　　But Shenhua's Martinez found the opportunity in about 80 minutes to have his second successful shoot, which almost set the result of the game．

　　Antlers' desperate efforts brought them one more goal a few minutes before the end, but it was too late and the game ended at 43．

　　In a later game, Thailand's BEC beat South Korea's Taejon Citizen 20．BEC and Antlers, which drew on Monday's match, will fight against Shenhua and Citizen respectively(各自)on Friday．Shenhua lost to Citizen by 12 on Monday．

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