Everyone uses body language during the interview(whether they realize it or not), but very few think about in advance and modify(更改)their body language to produce the most positive(积极)effect．Body language is merely the smaller, less nonverbal(非言语的)cues that we give others while communicating．How to win the body language game?Following are some typical interpretations(解释)of body language cues：

　　Openness and Warmth：open-lipped smiling, open hands with palms(手掌)visible, unbuttoning coat upon being seated．

　　Confidence：leaning forward in chair, chin(下巴)up, putting tips of fingers of one hand against the tips of fingers of other hand in“praying”or“steepling”(尖塔)position, hands joined behind back when standing．

　　Nervousness：smoking, whistling, pinching(紧缩)skin, running tongue along front of teeth, clearing throat, hands touching the face or covering part of the face, pulling at skin or ear, running fingers through hair, wringing(湿的)hands, biting on pens or other objects, twiddling(抚弄)thumbs, biting fingernails(action itself or evidence of)．

　　Untrustworthy/Defensive(防卫的)：frowning(皱眉)，squinting(斜视)eyes, tight-lipped grin(裂口笑)，arms crossed in front of chest, pulling away, chin down, touching nose or face, looking down when speaking, clenched hands, gestures with fist, pointing with fingers, putting one hand into the open palm of the other, rubbing back of neck, clasping(扣紧)hands behind head while leaning back in the chair．

　　As you can see, there are far more negatives than positives－possibly more than we are consciously(有意识的)aware of．This list is given not so that you can artificially adopt the positive body language techniques, but more to help you recognize and avoid the negatives．If you have a habit of doing any of the above negatives, remove that action from your pattern of behavior before it sends the wrong signal．Concentrate on removing it now so you will not have to think about it during the interview．

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　　Body language can play a vital(极重要的)part in communication．In my part of China, people often use body language to transmit their ideas and feelings．For example, a nod universally signifies approval, while shaking the hand indicates negativation．Besides, when you watch a match, you may often see someone put up two fingers, which looks like a“V”sign．We all know that means victory．We can see many body languages used in rubbing shoulders with each other．

　　Unfortunately, sometimes misunderstandings can occur．Because the body language used may have different meanings in different nations and cultures．I remember on one occasion, if you touch the lower lid, a Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯)will think you're calling him stupid; while a south American senorita(小姐)will think that you're making a pass at her, and may slap your face!

　　Therefore, for the purpose of successful communication, we're advisable to be aware of the differences among different nationalities and cultures, and make good use of the body language．

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阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)

　　On October 8th, 2004 Kenyan environmentalist Wangari Maathai won the Nobel Peace Prize．

　　Maathal, 64, founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977, which has been carried out mainly by women in the villages of Kenya, who through protecting their environment and through the paid work are able to better care for their children and their future．The Green Belt Movement has planted more than 30 million trees across Africa．Maathai served as national chairperson for the National Council(委员会)of Women of Kenya．

　　She thought the environment is very important in the aspects(角度)of peace because when we destroy our resources and our resources become scarce, we fight over that．She is working to make sure we don't only protect the environment; we also improve governance．

　　She was the first woman in East and Central Africa to earn a doctor's degree and to head a university department in Kenya．Having earned a biology degree from Mount St．Scholastica College in Kansas and a master's degree at the University of Pittsburgh, Maathai returned to Kenya and earned a PhD at the University of Nairobi．

　　Peace on earth depends on our ability to protect our living environment．Maathai is a strong voice speaking for the best forces in Africa to promote(促进)peace and good living conditions on that continent．Maathai stands at the front of the fight to ecologically(生态学地)promote development in Kenya and in Africa．

　　Maathai won the prize worth 1.36 million US dollars．She became the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize; she is the seventh African to win the prize since it was first awarded in 1901．

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阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)

　　If you met her at a party, you would notice how attractive she is．If you only heard her soft voice, you would want her as a considerate friend．

　　But if you came across her work, you would be surprised to discover that Yu Hongyan(于红岩)is the efficient(能干的)general manager of the Zhaodaola Internet Co Ltd, a major player on the Internet．

　　Yu, who prefers to be called Ruby, is the founder of Zhaodaola, the Website devoted to the fashionable(流行的)lifestyles of city women．

　　Yu describes herself as a witness to the growth of the Internet in China．

　　When her father encouraged her to major in the computer at college in 1979, Yu did not suspect(怀疑)what computers would mean to her own life．They bored her, and she tried to remove interest in them．

　　“It's difficult for me to give up something once I start,”she said．“My motto(座右铭)is‘stick to something and you will accomplish it．’”

　　And she did．Since its founding, Zhaodaola has become one of the most popular sites among city women．More than 500,000 visit it every day．

　　The site is“purple and pink”．“Purple”refers to problems concerning men and women, including sexual education．“Pink”refers to the romantic side of white-collar life．

　　“I want women to speak up about their real selves on our website,”Yu aid．“I want them to be braver and more independent．”

　　Yu has lived abroad for the past 16 years．She speaks as a woman familiar with the ways women in other countries think and live．

　　“I want to show that Net surfing is not hard for women．Just do it．You'll find interesting things there．”she promised．

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　　Vice Premier Wu Yi is the world's second most powerful woman, according to a Forbes magazine list．

　　Known as“China's Iron Lady,”Wu Yi, 65, a former vice mayor of Beijing, is a rising star in China's Communist Party．Proud, elegant(端庄的)，intelligent, Wu Yi impressed her party's leaders when she successfully helped work out five trade agreements with Russia in 1999 and directed talks on China's entrance to the World Trade Organization and agreeing with the United States on copyright(版权)protection．

　　Surprisingly, Wu Yi never imagined a life in politics．“In my youth, I never developed a desire to enter politics．My biggest wish was to become a great entrepreneur(企业家)，”she once said．It would still be her preference if given the choice now．

　　People familiar with Wu Yi say that she prefers to call herself a“little woman”．Wu uses expressions like,“The little woman is ready to pay any price”,“The little woman won't shed tears easily”or“The little woman doesn't care it”．In 2002, when she was handed the tough job of fighting SARS, she said：“The little woman accepts the task at a special moment．”

　　There has been much gossip(闲话)around her as she is still unmarried．In her youth, she had an ideal(理想的)image(形象)of a man, she says, but he“doesn't exist in real life．”“I spent 20 years in the backwoods．When I got out, I was already too old．Furthermore, I was so busy at work．So I just gave up．”

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　　Jane Goodall was born April 3,1934 in London, England, and grew up in Bournemouth on the southern coast of England．On her second birthday, Jane Goodall's father bought her a beautiful, life-like toy chimpanzee(黑猩猩)named Jubilee, in honor of a baby chimpanzee born at the London Zoo．Jane Goodall loved the toy, and to this day, Jubilee sits on a chair in her home in England．

　　As a child Jane Goodall was an avid(渴望的)reader of the popular Tarzan books．By the age of ten or eleven, she dreamed of going to Africa to live with animals．She had encouragement from her mother, who told her,“Jane, if you really want something, and if you work hard, take advantage of the opportunities, and never give up, you will some-how find a way．”

　　When a friend invited her to Kenya in 1957, Jane readily accepted the offer．Jane traveled to Kenya by boat at the age of 23, and it was there that she heard of Dr．Louis Leakey and managed to impress(留下印象)him with her knowledge of Africa and its wildlife．Dr．Leakey hired her as his assistant at Gombe National Park, watching the wild chimpanzees and recording everything she saw．

　　Goodall married Baron Hugo van Lawick in 1964．(They broke up in 1974．)In 1965 she earned her Ph．D．in Ethology(动物行动学)from Cambridge University and returned to Tanzania for her studies．One of the many Goodall observations was that of chimpanzees making and using tools．This behavior was previously(先前)thought to separate humans from other animals．Over the years, Goodall's studies have continued to show the many striking similarities between humans and chimpanzees．

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阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)

　　She is one of China's fifty most successful business leaders and she has been described as being“bigger than Oprah”．Well known to one billion viewers, Yang Lan is among China's most popular TV personalities．Born in Beijing in 1968, Yang Lan began her career as the host for the popular“Zheng Da TV show”．She was only 21 at the time and had just graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University．Becoming the host of a show with an audience of 200 million at such a young age was a big challenge, but Yang Lan was ready for it and quickly became popular．

　　Many of us would probably have stayed on to enjoy the fame and money that come with being a TV star, but Yang Lan had more important plans．She left the show after four years and went to New York City to get a Master's degree at Columbia University．Her experience abroad inspired her and she made up her mind to create a new kind of TV station for Chinese viewers．When Yang Lan returned to China, she decided to develop her interests in business．Together with her husband, she started her own media company, Sun Media．

　　When Yang Lan grew up, TV was a new thing at the time, but Yang Lan thought that the powerful medium could be used in a different way．She wanted to make shows that were both entertaining and educational．When she was studying abroad, she produced a feature show called“Horizon”．The show introduced American popular culture to Chinese viewers．Viewers liked the first season of“Horizon”, but Yang Lan wanted to do something more serious and meaningful．The following year, she began interviewing important people, such as Dr Henry Kissinger, and discussing social issues．Her viewers were pleased and the show became even more popular．She later developed“Yang Lan One on One”, having interviewed more than 300 opinion leaders around the world．

　　Note：

　　Oprah：Oprah Winfrey, the American TV personality．

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阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)

　　Traditional news outlets are feeling the impact of two distinct and powerful trends．Internet news has not only arrived, it is attracting key segments of the national audience．At the same time, growing numbers of Americans are losing the news habit．Fewer people say they enjoy following the news, and fully half pay attention to national news only when something important is happening．And more Americans than ever say they watch the news with a remote control in hand, ready to dispatch uninteresting stories．To some extent, these trends are affecting all traditional media．

　　These are the principal(主要的)findings of the Pew Research Center's biennial survey of the national news audience, which documents(证明)the rapid emergence(出现)of the Internet as a news source, as well as a significant decline in regular viewership of broadcast television news．Fully one-in-three Americans now go online for news at least once a week, compared to 20％ in 1998．And 15％ say they receive daily reports from the Internet, up from 6％ two years ago．At the same time, regular viewership of network news has fallen from 38％ to 30％ over this period, while local news viewership has fallen from 64％ to 56％．

　　Among younger and better-educated people, the Internet is making even bigger inroads(侵占)．Many more college graduates under the age of 50 go on the Internet every day than regularly watch one of the nightly network news broadcasts．And generally, the survey finds that people who are interested in the news and go online tend to watch less network TV news．The survey also finds modest declines in the viewership of television news magazines and the morning news shows．

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阅读理解

　　To be a good interviewer you must learn to listen－both to others and to yourself．

　　“A lot of times we beat ourselves,”says Pat Stith, a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter for the Raleigh News ＆ Observer．“We don't listen．We don't ask simple, direct questions．We just talk, and we talk, and we talk．We forget why we're there．(We're there to acquire information．)When we're talking, we're not acquiring anything．”

　　Effective interviewing is a pillar of good reporting and writing．The ability to talk comfortably with people and to persuade them to give you information is one of the reporter's most important skills．Yet journalists get little or no training in this vital aspect of their job．Most learn by painful trial and error．

　　To help rectify(调整)that situation, this Best Newspaper Writing brown bag is devoted to interviewing skills．Listen to winners and finalists talk about successful interviewing techniques, practice some of those tips, and explore other resources．

　　“Somebody once wrote that there's no more seductive sentence in the English language than,‘I want to hear your story,’and maybe they're right, ”Albom said in“Best Newspaper Writing 1996．”“Because often you don't have to do any more than just say that．”

　　During my reporting career, using a tape recorder taught me my most important lesson of interviewing：to shut up．It was a painful learning experience, having to listen to myself stepping on people's words, cutting them off just as they were getting enthusiastic or appeared about to make a revealing statement．There were far too many times I heard myself asking overly long and leading questions, instead of simply saying, “Why?”or“How did it happen?”or“What do you mean?”and then closing my mouth and letting people answer．

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阅读理解

　　On the surface, defining(详细说明)news is a simple task．News is an account of what is happening around us．It may involve current(最近的)events, new plans or ongoing projects or issues．But a newspaper does not only print news of the day．It also prints background analysis, opinions, and human interest stories．Generally, news stories can be divided into：

　　Hard news：This is how journalists refer to news of the day．It is a record of current events/incidents and is the most common news style on the front page of your typical newspaper．

　　It starts with a summary lead．What happened?Where?When?To/by whom?Why?(The journalist's 5 W's)．It must be kept brief and simple, because the purpose of the rest of the story will be to elaborate on this lead．Most important, give the readers the information they need．

　　Soft news：This is a term for all the news that isn't time-sensitive．Soft news includes profiles(人物简介)of people, programs or organizations．As we discussed earlier, the “lead”is more literary．

　　Feature：A news feature takes one step back from the headlines．It explores an issue．News features are less time-sensitive than hard news but no less newsworthy．They can be an effective way to write about complex issues too large for the simple style of a hard news item．

　　Features are journalism's shopping center．They're full of interesting people, ideas, color, lights, action and energy．

　　Editorial：The editorial expresses an opinion．The editorial page of the newspaper lets the writer comment on issues in the news．All editorials are personal but the topics must still be relevant to the reader．

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