阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　I am here to teach ，offering my way of life which has enabled me to beat the doctor an the hangman for ninety years．Some of the details may sound untrue，but they are not．

　　We have no permanent habits until we are forty，then they begin to harden．Since forty l have been regular about going to bed and getting up and that is one of the man things．I have made it a rule to go to bed when I had to．This has resulted in a regularity Of irregularity．It has saved me sound，but it would injure another person．

　　In the matter of diet-which is another main thing-I have been strict in sticking to the things which didn't agree with me until one or the other of us got the best of it．Until lately I got the best of it myself．But last spring I stopped eating mince pie after midnight．For years I have taken coffee and bread at eight in the morning，and no bite until seven thirty in the evening．That is all right for me，because I have never had a headache in my life, but headachy people would not reach ninety comfortably by that road，and they would be foolish to try it．

　　I have made it a rule never to smoke more than one cigar at a time，but no other limits．I do not know just when I began to smoke，I only know that I didn't let my father know it ．He passed from this life early in 1917，when I was a shade past eleven; ever since then I have smoked publicly．As an example to others，it has always been my rule never to smoke when asleep，and never to stop when awake．It is a good rule I mean，for me；but some of you know quite well that it wouldn't answer for everybody that's trying to get to be ninety．

　　I smoke in bed until I have to go to sleep; I wake up in the night，some-times once，sometimes twice，sometimes three times，and I never waste any Of these opportunities to smoke．This habit is so old and dear and precious to me．I will admit，however，that I have stopped smoking now and then，for a few months at a time，but it was on principle，it was only to show Off；it was to pulverize(粉碎)those people who said l was a slave to my habits and couldn't break away from them．

1．The author of this passage________．

[　　]

A．always goes to sleep at different time every day

B．only smokes one cigar every day

C．doesn't have any for eight hours during the day

D．has some good habits which help him to get to ninety

2．The underlined phrase “got the best of it”in Paragraph 3 probably means________．

[　　]

A．got the best result

B．made the best use of it

C．got a lot of good effect

D．won the fight

3．Sometimes the author stops smoking________．

[　　]

A．to have a break for a few months

B．to show how dear the habit is to him

C．to prove that he can give his habits if he wishes

D．to tell those people who don't like him that he wants to get out of his smoking habit

4．This passage was most likely written________．

[　　]

A．in the early 20th century

B．in the mid 20th century

C．in the late 20th century

D．in the early 21st century

5．Although the author says，“I am here to teach”，his purpose is really to________．

[　　]

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Pulling heavy suitcases all day in the summer is hard work，especially when you're a thin 14-year-old．That was me in 1940the youngest and smallest baggage boy at New York City's Pennsylvania Railway Station．

　　After just a few r days on the job，I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers．I'd like to join them，thinking，“Everyone else is doing it．”

　　When I got home that night，I told my dad what I wanted to do．“You give an honest day's work，” he said，looking at me straight in the eye “They're paying you．If they want to do that，you let them do that．”

　　I followed my dad's advice for the rest of that summer and have lived by his words ever since．

　　Of all the jobs I've had，it was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Station that has stuck with me．Now l teach my players to have respect for other people and their possessions．Being a member of a team is a totally shared experience．If one person steals，it destroys trust and hurts everyone．I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal．lf one of my Players were caught stealing，he'd be gone．

　　Whether you're on a sports team，in an office or a member of a family, if you can't trust one another，there's going to be trouble．

1．What can be inferred about the baggage boys？

[　　]

A．They could earn much，but they had to work hard．

B．Many of them earned money in a dishonest way．

C．They were all from poor families．

D．They were all thin，young boys．

2．What does the father's advice imply？

[　　]

A．It is wrong to give more pay to the passengers．

B．Don't believe them if they are paying you more．

C．Don't follow others to overcharge the passengers．

D．It is difficult to work hard and live as an honest boy．

3．The writer can't put up with stealing because he thinks that________．

[　　]

A．it is a totally shared experience

B．it is considered as the most dangerous

C．it does great harm to human relationship

D．it may lead to the loss of his sports team

4．It can be concluded from the text that________．

[　　]

A．his father's advice helped him to decide which job to take up

B．working in the sports team was his most important experience

C．he learnt much from his shared experience with his team members

D．his experience as a baggage boy had a great influence on his later life

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　That cold January night，I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco．

　　There I was，walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater．With opening night only a week away，I was still learning my lines．I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time．As l walked，I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco．City life had become too much for me．

　　As l walked down empty streets under tall buildings，I felt very small and cold．l began running，both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robbers(抢劫犯)．Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets．

　　About a block from my apartment(公寓房间)，I heard a sound behind me．I turned quickly，half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun．The street was empty．All I saw was a shining streetlight．Still，the noise had made me nervous，so I started to run faster．Not until reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been．It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk．

　　Suddenly I wasn't cold or tired anymore．I ran out of the door and back to where l'd heard the noise．Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes，my wallet was nowhere to be found．

　　Just as I was about to give up the search，I heard the garbage truck(垃圾车)pull up to the sidewalk next to me．When a voice called from the inside，“Alisa Camacho？”I thought I was dreaming．How could this man know my name？The door opened，and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes．“Is this what you're looking for？”he asked，holding up a small square shape．

　　It was nearly 3 a．m．by the time I got into bed．I wouldn't get much sleep that night，but I had gotten my Wallet back．I also had gotten back some enjoyment of city life．I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other．

1．How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work？

[　　]

A．Cold and sick．

B．Fortunate and hopeful．

C．Satisfied and cheerful．

D．Disappointed and helpless．

2．From the first paragraph，we learn that the writer was busy________．

[　　]

A．solving her problem at the bank

B．taking part in various city activities

C．learning acting in an evening school

D．preparing for the first night show

3．On her way home the writer________．

[　　]

A．lost her wallet unknowingly

B．was stopped by a garbage truck driver

C．was robbed of her wallet by an armed man

D．found some homeless people following her

4．In the fifth paragraph，why did the writer say she was dreaming？

[　　]

A．Someone offered to take her back home．

B．A red-haired man came to see her．

C．She heard someone call her name．

D．Her wallet was found in a garbage truck．

5．From the text，we can infer that the writer________．

[　　]

A．would stop working at night

B．would stay on in San Francisco

C．would make friends with cleaners

D．would give up her job at the bank

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The other day，my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday Party．The time printed on the invitation was 7∶30 p．m．Jane went off with her husband，expecting a merry evening of wine，food，and song．

　　By 9∶45，everybody was having great fun，but no food had appeared．

　　Jane and David were restless．Other guests began whispering that they ,too，were starving．But no one wanted to leave，just in case some food was about to appear．By 11∶00，there was still no food ,and everyone was completely off their heads．Jane and David left hungry and angry．

　　Their experience suggests that the words on printed invitations need to be made clearer．Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently．Most of us would agree that 6∶30～8∶30 p．m．means drinks only，go out to dinner afterwards；8∶00 p．m．or 8∶30 p．m．means possible dinner，but 9：30 p m．and any time there after means no food，eat beforehand，roll up late．

　　But this is not always the case．If asked to a students'party at 6∶30 p．m，it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight，if at all，and no one cares．Being the first to arrive-looking eager-is social death．When my mother is asked to a party for 6：30，she likes to be there，if not on time，then on later than Seven．My age group(late thirties)falls somewhere between the two，hut because we still think we're young，we're probably closer to student-time than grown-up time．

　　The accepted custom at present is confusing，sometimes annoying，and it often means you may go home hungry，but it does lend every party that precious element of surprise．

1．The Underlined words“off their heads”probably mean________．

[　　]

2．Jane and David s story is used to show that________．

[　　]

A．party-goers usually get hungry at parties

B．party invitations can be confusing

C．people should ask for food at parties

D．birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull

3．For some young people，arriving on time for a student'party will probably be considered________．

[　　]

4．According to the writer，people in their late thirties________．

[　　]

A．are likely to arrive late for a party

B．care little about the party time

C．haven't really grown up yet

D．like surprises at parties

5．What is the general idea of the text？

[　　]

A．It's safe to arrive late just when food is served．

B．It's wise to eat something before going to a party．

C．It's important to follow social rules of party-going．

D．It's necessary to read invitations carefully．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　What to do if a fire starts？

　　Imagine it's late at night．You hear the smoke detectors go off．You smell smoke when you wake up．Do you know what to do？

　　If a fire starts in your home，remember your escape plan and leave as quickly as possible．Keep the following things in mind to make a safe escape．

　　●Call“Fire！” to warn everyone in your family．

　　●If you know where the fire is，close as many doors as possible between。you and the fire．

　　●If you're in bed，roll out of bed and onto the floor．Crawl on the floor next to a wall．Being near the ground makes it easier to breathe．If possible，cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth．

　　●Feel the entire of a door before you open it ．If the door it．If the door is warm or hot, do not open it．The fire is probably right outs outside your room．Find another way to leave the room．If the door is cool，open it a little．

　　●look out and try to see the fire．If It is safe，leave the room．Remember to stay on the floor．

　　●If your clothes catch fire，stop immediately．Drop to the ground and roll．Remember；Stop，drop and roll．

　　●Call the fire department from outside and wait for help to arrive．

1．What is the first thing you should do if a fire starts in your home？

[　　]

A．Call the fire department．

B．Call“Fire” to warn your family members．

C．Collect your favorite belongings to save from the burning house．

D．Have a white sheet from a window to let the fire department know where to go．

2．what should you do if a fire starts and you are in bed？

[　　]

A．Jump out of bed and run away．

B．Roll out of bed and stand on the floor．

C．Stay in bed and then jump out of the window．

D．Roll out of bed and onto the floor．

3．What is not true according to the passage？

[　　]

A．Never go back into a burning building．

B．If your clothes catch fire，stop moving immediately．

C．You should call the fire department before you leave the burning building．

D．Cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth if possible．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Tim was born after his elder brother and sister．He could learn many things from them．Soon，he developed his own way of doing things by developing his mind through his interest in creating stones．He would read more than most children and he gathered his inspiration from history books．In school，his athletic interests were basketball and track，especially high jump．When he found he could jump a little higher than most students，he decided that jumping over a high bar would be his specialty．

　　Tim continued his learning interest in history which included serious college study，and a Master's degree．He is now a university professor at a small university in Los Angeles．In he United States there are many schools that have history departments．There are large universities with as many as 60 thousand students and small universities with as few as 2000 students．His degree from a large university with a strong history department has helped him get a good job．

　　Tim and Kelli like cats．They have two of them and they are special members of the family．Their grey and white cat is Toby．The coal black colored cat is called Buddha because he sits so quietly．Cats are popular with many people In America．

1．which of the following statements is true？

[　　]

A．Tim is the second child in his family．

B．Tim has a younger sister．

C．Tim is the third child in his family．

D．Tim is the only child in his family．

2．What was he good at when he was at school？

[　　]

3．We can infer from the above passage that________．

[　　]

A．all the Americans like to keep cats

B．the cat is called Buddha because he is always quiet

C．the population of a small university is only one third of that of thelargest one

D．it is easier for a graduate from a large university with a famous department to do job hunting

阅读理解

　　It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance(熟人), however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.

　　In Greece, after the sixth century B． C．, there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats(贵族), and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the “metics”, who were freemen, though they two were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of “citizens”, who were themselves divided into subclasses.

　　In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “burghers” or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.

　　With the break up of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers(公民), the commercial and professional middle class became more and more important in Europe, and the older privileged class, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its power.

1．The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.

[　　]

A．to define the term social class does not involve much difficulty

B．there is much alternation in people's social classes

C．to evaluate a person's social class is a very complex procedure

D．we can tell which social class a person belongs to by the way he behaves

2．In Paragraph 1, “criteria” most probably means ________.

[　　]

3．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Slaves in Greece in the sixth century B. C. were not politically significant.

B．The “burghers” of the later Middle Ages constituted an entirely new social class.

C．To some extent, social mobility can be attributed to the growth of trade.

D．The new class made up of traders and executive officials of the later Middle Ages made the development of a money economy possible.

4．The best title of the passage might be ________.

[　　]

A．The criteria for classifying social groups

B．Social classes

C．Changes in social system

D．The evolution of human society

阅读理解

　　Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum(台子).

　　The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war.

　　Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art.

　　The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knockout”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a “knockout” comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers. The auctioneer's services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for.

1．Auction goods are sold ________.

[　　]

2．The end of the bidding is called “knocking down” because ________.

[　　]

A．the auctioneer bangs down the table at which he stands with a hammer

B．the goods are knocked down by the auctioneer

C．the rostrum is knocked down at the end of the bidding

D．the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer to end the bidding

3．A “knock out” is arranged ________.

[　　]

A．to help the auctioneer to sell the goods for a better price

B．for the purpose to keep the price in the auction-room low

C．to benefit the owners of the goods

D．in order to encourage buyers to bid higher figures

4．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．auction sales were initially conducted in Rome in wartime

B．in order to begin the bidding moderately, the auctioneer should be kept informed of current market quotations

C．the higher prices an auctioneer gets for the goods he sells the more profits he earns for himself

D．an auctioneer is often in a rivalry with his buyers

阅读理解

　　If the salinity(含盐量) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation－change of liquid water to water vapour. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.

　　The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水), such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted(冲淡) so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the substraction of the water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

　　Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

　　A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

　　In the Weddell Sea of America, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

1．All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except ________.

[　　]

2．The Weddell Sea is mentioned in the passage to ________.

[　　]

A．give an example of cold water salinity

B．point out the location of deep waters

C．compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters

D．indicate that this body of water has salinity variations

3．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Various factors combine to cause variations in the salinity of water.

B．As a result of the formation of ocean ice water salinity decreases.

C．The salinity of the water near the bottom of the oceans is relatively high.

D．In coastal areas the ocean is diluted by rivers.

4．The major points discussed in the passage is ________.

[　　]

A．the subtraction of water

B．the conversion of liquid water to water vapour

C．the salinity of ocean water

D．the effect of precipitation on the salinity of ocean water

阅读理解

　　The phone is ringing at the other end of the line and it clicks as it is being answered. A voice says quickly, “Hello. Will you hold, please?” Then there is another click, followed by silence. It seems like hours before someone comes back on the line－that is, if you don't hang up first.

　　Office calls are, perhaps, the most difficult and the most important part of a secretary's work. The first impression that a customer receives about a business is very often through a telephone contact. A caller who is left hanging on “hold” will get the feeling that he or she has been forgotten or ignored. If a call is answered rudely, the caller may become angry. And if the call is not routed directly to the right person, the caller may feel that he or she is getting the “runaround”.

　　Carol Jackson is a secretary in the executive offices of a large manufacturing company. As a good office secretary, Carol knows that all phone calls must be answered right away and handled efficiently. She knows that a secretary must be pleasant and helpful, no matter how busy she is or what kind of mood she may be in. She knows she must keep calm if the caller gets impatient or becomes angry; also, of course, she knows she can never allow herself to lose her temper. If she does not have the information the caller asks for, she must know who does have the information. Finally, she knows that one of her most important responsibilities is to “screen” telephone calls and to know which calls to refer to her boss, which calls to refer to other people, and which calls to handle herself.

　　A well-handled telephone call will give the caller a good impression of the company he or she is dealing with. For this reason, an office secretary who can handle telephone calls cheerfully, tactfully, and efficiently is a valuable employee to any organization.

1．According to the passage, what decides a customer's first feeling about a business?

[　　]

A．E-mails.

B．Telephone contacts.

C．Person-to-person contacts.

D．Newspaper advertisements.

2．Carol Jackson is ________.

[　　]

A．a capable executive of a manufacturing factory

B．a secretary as well as an executive

C．an efficient office secretary

D．a helpful telephone operator

3．In Carol's opinion a secretary can never be a good one until ________.

[　　]

A．she knows how to please her customers

B．she often asks her boss how to answer a telephone call

C．she has the information her customers need

D．she can keep calm and never loses her temper

4．This passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．well-handled telephone calls

B．the importance of how office calls are dealt with

C．an efficient office secretary call Carol Jackson

D．a secretary being a valuable person to her company