A strong wind can be a dangerous thing— sometimes it is powerful enough to knock you off your feet．But to plants,the wind is a source of new life,carrying them or their spores （孢子）thousands of miles．

　　A NASA satellite called Quik SCAT has discovered highways of wind over the Earth's oceans．Scientists believe these invisible roads may explain why many nonflowering plants,such as mosses（苔）and lichen（地衣）,grow where they do．

　　The satellite is able to send microwaves（微波）from space to the surface of the ocean．The pattern of signals that come back shows which way the winds are blowing．

　　Using this data,the scientists studied a group of islands in the southern hemisphere（半球）,nearAntarctica．Winds tend to blow anticlockwise（逆时针）in this region,but there are lots of local differences．

　　When the researchers compared these local patterns to botanical（植物学的，植物的）data,they found that the wind had an important effect on where species of mosses,lichen,and other nonflowering plants grow．

　　For example,Bouvet Island and Heard Island,share 30 percent of their moss species,29 percent of liverworts（叶苔）,and 32 percent of lichen— even though they are 4,430 kilometers apart．In contrast,Gough Island and Bouvet Island,separated by just 1,860 kilometres of sea,share only 16 percent of mosses and 17 percent of liverworts．They have no Lichen in common．

　　Ferns（蕨类植物）and flowering plants don't ravel as well in the wind,so they don't show the same kinds of distribution（分布）patterns．

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　　A“lost tribe”that reached America from Australia may have been the first Native Americans,according to a new theory．

　　If proved by DNA evidence,the theory will break long established belief about the southerly migration of people who entered America across the Bering Strait,found it empty and occupied it．

　　On this theory rests the belief of Native Americans to have been the first true Americans．They would be classified to the ranks of escapee,beaten to the New World by Aboriginals（土著人）in boats．

　　To a European,this may seem like an academic argument,but to Americans,it is a philosophical question about identity（身份）,Silvia Gonzales,of Liverpool University said．

　　Her claims are based on skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico that have skulls（头骨）quite unlike the broad Mongolian features of Native Americans．These narrow— skulled people have more in common with southern Asians,Aboriginal Australians and people of the South Pacific Region．

　　The bones,stored at the National Museum of Anthropology（人类学）in Mexico City,have been carbon— dated and one is 12,700 years old,which placed it several thousand years before the arrival of people from the North．“We think there were several migration waves into America at different times by different human groups,”Dr．Gonzales said．“The timing,route and point of origin of the first colonization of America remains a most contentious topic in human evolution．”

　　But comparisons based on skull shape are not considered conclusive by anthropologists,so a team of Mexican and British scientists,backed by the Natural Environment Research Council,has also attempted to take out DNA from the bones．Dr．Gonzales declined yesterday to say exactly what the results were,as they need to be checked,but indicated that they were consistent（一致）with an Australian origin．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　A university graduate described as a“respectable and intelligent”woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of（证明有…罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months．

　　Ana Luz,recently studying for her PhD,has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops．

　　Luz,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road,Cambridge,admitted stealing clothes worth ￡ 9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street,London,on March 9．

　　Phillip Lemoyne,prosecuting（起诉）,said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies' toilet in the store．When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected,having taken off the anti theft security alarms（防盗警报装置）．

　　She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying,Mr Lemoyne said．

　　He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions．Luz,28,was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October,but Morag Duff,defending,said she had never been in trouble with the police before that．

　　“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn't really have any explanation why she did this,”Miss Duff said．“She didn't intend to steal when she went into the store．She is at a loss to explain it．She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady．She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this．”Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡ 50,and warned：“You've got a criminal record．If you carry on like this,you will end up in prison,which will ruin your bright future you may have．”

　　Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain,went on to a famous university in Berlin,Germany for her master's degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University,UK．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　A teacher of English as a second language is the 2004 Teacher of the Year in the United States．Kathy Mellor of Rhode Island will spend the next year as an international spokeswoman for education．President Bush and his wife,Laura,honored her during a ceremony（仪式）at the White House last week．

　　For the past nineteen years,Kathy Mellor has taught English as a second language at Davisville Middle School in North Kingstown,Rhode Island,in the northeastern United States．She redesigned the program for N．S．L．students at her school to provide each student with one to three periods per day in classes for English learners．How much instruction the students get depends on their level of skill in listening,speaking,reading and writing．The amount of time they spend in these classes is reduced as their level of English increases．

　　A teacher describes this as the most successful E．S．L．program in North Kings-town．She also praises Kathy Mellor for providing help to students and their families by forming a local parents group for speakers of other languages．This improved their ability to help their children．

　　Kathy Mellor earned a master's degree in education from Rhode Island College．She studied teaching English as a second language．

　　She was chosen for the national honor of Teacher of the Year from among top teachers in each of the fifty states．As Teacher of the Year,Kathy Mellor will travel around the United States and to other countries．She will talk about the importance of education and the work of teachers．

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请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition．Some valueit highly,believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity．Others say that competition is bad;that it sets one person against another;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people．

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their self— worth relied（赖）on how well they performed at tennis and other skills．For them,playing well andwinning are often life— and— death affairs．In their single— minded pursuit（追求）of success,the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten．

　　However,while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed,others take an opposite atticude．In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition．Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressure from their parents or society．Teaching these young people．I often observe in them a desire to fail．They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success．By not trying,they always have an excuse:“I may have lost,but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try．”What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost,that would mean a lot．Such a loss would be a measure of their worth．Clearly,this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves．Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self— respect relies on howwell one performs in comparison with others,Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve（缓解）can we discover a new meaning in competition．

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请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once．

　　The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors（祖先）battled nature with the basic tools they had．They had only basic ways of creating light,and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated（孤零零的）places to save ships from hitting rocks．

　　Sceondly,visiting light houses will help us to understand the lives of lighthouse keepers．By their very nature,lighthouse were built on some rodes of cliffs．Thus,the lightouse keeper often lived lonely lives To walk around their amall home,and imagine the angry storm outside beating against the walls,is to take a step towards understanding the live they had．

　　The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward— looking in time．It is true that lighthouses were built in out of-the-way places．But on a pleasant sunny summer day,this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience．Therefore,with the gentle waves touching all round the lighthouse,the lighthouse,the visitor is likely to think it is a would preferable to the busy and noisy modern life．

　　Another reason for considering a visit is that the lighthouses themselves can be very attractive buildings．Mankind could often not be content just to put up a basic structure,but felt the need,even in such an isolated place,to build with an artistic touch．The result is a view for tired eyes to enjoy．

　　Finally,lighthouses have a romamtic attraction,summed up by the image of the oil-skin coated keeper climbing his winding stairs to take care of the light to warn ships and save lives．

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请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　“My kids really understand solar and earth— heat energy,”says a second grade teacher in Snugus．California．“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course．”These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP),a particular program for kindergarden through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading,writing and math skills,and more．

　　The children don't just plan any city．They map and analyze（分析）the housing,energy,and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years．With the aid of an architect（建筑师）who visits the classroom once a week,they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations．“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom．”says the teacher who developed this program．“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame,because there are no wrong answers in a future context．In fact,as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program,an elected‘official’and‘planning group’make all the design decisions for the model city,and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser．”

　　CBEP is a set of activities,games,and imitations that teach the basic steps neccssary for problem— solving:observing,analyzing,working out possible answers,and judging them based on the children's own standards．

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请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Reading is very important to help you learn English．To learn as much as you can from reading,you need to read different kinds of English．This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability．

　　There are four parts in the book．

　　Part 1 Is Messages:In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else．There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages．

　　Part 2 is People:In this part all the tests are about people．For example,there is an informal letter between friends．There is formal（正式的）English in biography（传记）．There is a job application as a model to help with your writing,as well as testing your reading．

　　Part 3 is Places:In this part,too,many different kinds of English are shown,some informal and some formal．There is the informal English of holiday postcard．There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint．

　　Part 4 is Things:You will find some descriptive writing in this part．There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer．

　　You can do these tests in any order you like,or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text．I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it．

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请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　My parents were in a huge argument,and I was really upset about it．I didn't know who I would talk with about how I was feeling．So I asked Morn to allow me to stay the night at my best friend's house．

Though I knew I wouldn't tell her about my patents' situation．I was looking forward to getting out of the house．I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neigbborhood．Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on．

　　I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about．But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark．I went to his room and told him that I'd stay with him until the power was restored．He was quite happy and said．“Great opportunity．”

　　“What is?”I asked．

　　“To talk,you and I,”he said．“To hold a private little meeting about what we're going to do with your mom and dad,and what we're going to do with ourselves now that we're in the situation we are in．”

　　“But we can't do anything about it．Grandpa．”I said,surprised that he was someone with whom I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same “boat”as I was．

　　And that's how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started．Sitting there in the dark,we talked about our feelings and fears of life— from how fast things change,to how they sometimes don't change fast enough．That night,because the power went out,I found a new friend,with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains,whatever they may be．

　　Suddenly,the lights all came back on．“Well,”he said．“I guess that means you'll want to go now,I really like our talk．I hope the power will go out every few nights!”

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