We typically associate the word “science” with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally, experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are at least three reasons for this.
1．Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.
2．The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.
3．There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.
Faced with the above difficulties, what are human scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families. In the case of economics, economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.
However, human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of some experiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world. We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak. So it might seem that all we can do is guess. People usually won’t change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind. There was now a way of testing babies’ expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do the following things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.
1.What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciences according to this passage?
A．Both human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.
B．Experiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.
C．Both human and natural science experiments should be of the same importance.
D．It’s not moral to conduct human science experiments.
2.What do we know about human scientists from this passage?
A．They are white coat scientists.
B．They have more experimental sources than natural scientists.
C．They conduct experiments passively.
D．They face more difficulties in carrying out their research.
3.Which of the following experiments belongs to human science experiment?
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for a fun and easy science experiment. Try creating a
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B． Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test
with this simple experiment that shows the
importance of your sense of smell.
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your lung volume by completing this experiment.
D． Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to
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that will teach kids how rainbows work while they
enjoy a fun activity
4.What does the author tell us in this passage?
A．ABCs about the science experiment.
B．Some knowledge of science.
C．Some differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.
D．The similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注
意：每空格1个单词。
Are you a procrastinator?
Following a schedule and doing things on time is extremely important in today’s busy world.
Unfortunately, not everyone is good at doing this. Many people are procrastinators; they put off
doing things that they need to until it’s too late.
We all put off doing things at times. Statistics show that 90% of university students will often put off studying for a test or writing an important paper the night before, 25% of university students put off almost everything all the time. This more serious form of procrastination can result in a student dropping out of school. Students who put off doing their assignments once in a while get further and further behind in their studies. Before long, they feel completely helpless. For the chronic（长期的）procrastinator, often the only way to solve this problem is to quit school.
According to recent studies, there are three main reasons that students put off doing things. First, many have poor time-management skills and often try to do too much in too little time. In the end, these students often feel helpless and will put off doing many things they need to. Another reason why students put off doing things is that they feel a subject is boring and have something because they don’t like it. a third reason why many students put off doing things is that they often worry that their work will never be as good as it should be and fear failure of any kind, which, unfortunately , can often cause these students to put off doing any work at all.
Do you recognize any of these signs in yourself? If so, you may want to do something about your tendency towards procrastination. The following five tips may be helpful.
First, list the things in life that are important to you, and then list the reasons why you are at school or university. Look at the two lists and see where they match. Is there something you need to do in order to achieve a life goal?
Second, chose realistic goals for yourself; don’t try to do more than you can.
Third, once you have identified our goals, list them and ask yourself “Which should I do first?” As you become more aware of what you need to do and when you need to do it, you will feel more in control and will be able to complete tasks on time.
Fourth, manage your time wisely. Create a schedule that allows adequate time for accomplishing a goal; for example, your schedule should give you enough time to study for and pass a test, as well as time to relax.
Finally, when you accomplish a goal, do something good for yourself as a reward.
If you believe that you are a chronic procrastinator, you should try to get help before it is too late. Talk to a professional, and discuss the problem. If you are a mild procrastinator, make sure to keep yourself motivated, but don’t worry too much. Remember-we all put off doing things at times.
Title: Are you a procrastinator?
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Frequency of procrastination |
·Everyone puts off doing things(1.) . ·90% of university students will often put off dong things. ·25% of university students (2.) doing things all the time. |
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(3.) _that procrastination will lead to |
·At the beginning, they get further and further behind in their studies. ·Before long, they feel completely helpless. ·For the chronic procrastinator, often he or she has no (4.) but to quit school. |
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Main reasons for procrastination |
·First, many are not skillful at managing time well. ·Second, they feel a subject is boring, which makes it difficult for them to (5.) on an assignment. ·Third, they expect to do everything(6.) and fear failure of any kind. |
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(7.) to avoiding procrastination |
·First, identify your life goals. ·Second, choose realistic goals for yourself ·Third, list your goals in order of priority. ·Fourth, manage your time in a (8.) way. ·Finally, (9.) yourself for accomplishing a goal. |
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Advice to procrastinators |
·For a chronic procrastinator,( 10.) a professional. ·For a mild procrastinator, make sure to keep yourself motivated, and don’t worry too much. |
自哥本哈根气候大会以来，“实行低碳经济”，“过低碳生活”已成为人们关注的热门话
题。最近你班就这个话题展开了热烈的讨论。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给21st Century 写
篇文章，报道你们班的讨论情况。
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为什么要“实行低碳经济” |
温室气体大量排放，污染严重，环境恶化 |
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如何走“绿色发展道路” |
.1．植树造林 .2．开发清洁能源和再生性能源 .3．回收和利用废弃物 |
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过低碳生活如何“从我做起” |
（联系自己拟定内容，至少列举两点） |
注意：
.1．对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
.2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
.3．文章中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。
Since the Copenhagen Climate Conference, carrying out low carbon common & living a low
carbon life has been a hot topic. Recently our class had a heated discussion about it.
Through the discussion, we are fully aware of the necessity of carrying out a low carbon economy in our country.