Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move houses quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

On the other hand, there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long–term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer.

Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.

Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. “Particularist” societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check–in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check–in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem.

1.Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ______.

2. People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those ______.

3.Which of the following is true about “particularist societies”?

4. The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different ______.

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余选项。（共五小题；每小题5分，满分10分）

—How often do you use the Internet?

—  1  But I usually use it o check my email. I don’t often surf the Internet. You use the Internet a lot, don’t you?

—   2  

—So, you’re working online eight hours a day. It can be awful when the connection is poor.

—    3  Sometimes I also help others in the office if they’re having trouble online.

—How useful do you think the Internet is as a source of information?

—I think it’s useful.    4   The information online may be false. You don’t see what you buy online until you actually get it.

—   5

—We usually find the website of shops, then visit the shop and buy when we’ve seen the products.

E. Yes. I like the job though.

F. How do you solve the problems when shopping online?

G. I use it almost every day.

 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

Nowadays college students have a little ways to pay their college fees.   1.________

Many students had their parents pay the fees. Some students may apply   2.————

to a bank loan and others will try to find part-time jobs in and out of      3.———

the campus. Apart from this, many good student can win a scholarship.    4.————

In this way they can pay at least part of the fees. As to me, I will let        5.________

my parents pay half of my fees because they are rich enough.             6._______

Beside my study, I will take up a part-time job by means of               7.________

teach some high school students maths, physics, chemistry and English.     8._______

The reason is why I’m very good at these important subjects. Of course I will 9._______

also work very hard at my lessons in order to I can easily win a scholarship. 10.——

书面表达（满分35分）

你的英国朋友正在做一个课题：世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文：

一、通常方式

1. 生日聚会

2. 生日礼物

3. 生日祝福

二、我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由

—Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.

—______. I’m sure you had a wonderful time.

A. Sounds good!     B. All right    C. Very well.  D. How nice!

The chairman asked me to _________ my speech to 20 minutes.

A. make        B. give       C. explain          D. limit

—How did your father deal with you? 

—We were lucky to ____ being punished.

A. admit      B. escape        C. consider         D. stop

The old lady came in,____ herself with a walking stick.

  A.raising      B.lifting        C.supporting       D.rising

-----What’s that terrible noise?

  -----The neighbours ________ for a party.

    A. have prepared.  B. are preparing.  C. was preparing.  D. will prepare.

The kid is not ______ to work out the problem, for it’s too difficult.

    A. likely       B. perhaps      C. maybe            D. probable