（E）

E．Higher Living Standard

F．Modern Life Needs Modern Traffics

80．

Transport is one of the aids to trade．By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value．The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade．When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale．

81．

The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade．Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance．Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe．Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes．Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes．Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance．

82．

Transport also prevents waste．Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns．Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally．Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year．Transport has raised the standard of living．

83．

By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before．Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another．The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried．Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living．

84．

Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information．Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world．In this way, advanced communication system also help to develop trade．

Translation:

1．60年前，新生的中华人民共和国还不为许多国家广为承认。（recognize）

2．只有通过亲身体验，你才能理解志愿服务有多么重要！（figure out）

3．据报道，世博前这条马路已被拓宽来改善交通条件。（report）

4．令我们宽慰的是，地震发生的时候，大楼里碰巧没有人。（happen）

5．停车场足够大，可以容纳数百辆车，这使得居民停车非常方便。（hold）

6．她是个如此爱忘事的女孩以至总是丢三落四，有时别无选择只得买新的了。（alternative）

II. Grammar & Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

Tom and Jane used to walk _____ the bank after dinner when they were at university.

A. along                       B. in                           C. from                        D. across 

He no longer lives on campus, for he _____ an apartment within the walking distance to the school.

–– Can you lend me some money now?

–– Sorry, I have _____ left on me now. I must first go and withdraw some of my savings from the nearest ATM.

With his good sense of direction, he _____ quickly and easily get round in the new city.

Last year John earned _______ his brother did, who has a better position in a bigger company.

Air bags for cars were invented _____ lives. Without them more people would be injured in car accidents.  

An excellent way to help memory is to connect information with pictures, which ______ as a memory-link method.

______ our horizons of thinking, but it also saves us time and energy.