In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition．Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity．Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another, that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people．

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills．For them, playing well and winning are often, life-and-death affairs．In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten．

However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude．In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition．Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society．Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail．They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success．By not trying, they always have an excuse: "I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try．"What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot．Such a loss would be a measure of their worth． Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves．Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others．Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve （缓解） can we discover a new meaning in competition ．

1.What does this passage mainly talk about?

A．Competition helps to set up self-respect．

B．Opinions about competition are different among people．

C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development．

D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition．

2.Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A．It builds up a sense of duty．

B．It pushes society forward．

C．It improves personal abilities．

D．It encourages individual efforts．

3.The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ____．

A．those who try their best to win

B．those who value competition most highly

C．those who are against competition most strongly

D．those who rely on others most for success

4.What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"?

A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'．

B．One's success in competition needs great efforts．

C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills．

D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried．

5.Which point of view may the author agree to?

A．Every effort should be paid back．

B．Competition should be encouraged．

C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter．

D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition．

Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music．

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity （阳刚）, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to obey a stereotype （陈规旧俗）, a US study says.

Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to obey the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man"．

The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls．

Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls．He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls．

The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills．

But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia．

Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them．Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, an are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around; "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine （女性的） and prefer the modem type in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote．

Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to obey a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships．"In mixed schools boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported．

1.The author believes that a single-sex school would ____．

A．force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"

B．encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

C．help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

D．naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

2.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys ____．

A．perform relatively better

B．grow up more healthily

C．behave more responsibly

D．receive a better education

3.What docs Tony Little say about the British education system?

A．It fails more boys than girls academically．

B．It focuses more on mixed school education．

C．it fails to give boys the attention they need．

D．It places more pressure on boys than on girls．

4.According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ____．

A．teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B．boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C．boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D．teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit

5.Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report?

A．They enjoy being in charge．

B．They obey stereotypes．

C．They are violent and sexist．

D．They have sharper vision．

Poverty today is a major global issue．Although there are all kinds of definitions used to explain it, in simple words, it means the inability of a person to even get his basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, safe drinking water, health and education．Poverty can be found in each and every comer of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country．Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today．

Overpopulation is one of the main causes behind the threatening of poverty on an individual level as well as a social level．This is simple math: If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor．

Another theory which is used as an explanation for poverty is lack of education．If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low．Lack of education means lack of employment opportunities, thus leading to unemployment coupled with poverty in the future．

Moving away from one's own homeland to another city or country in search of employment leads to poverty too．It may take these people a lot of time to find jobs．Meanwhile they live in bad conditions．The cost of living in the city or country is most of the time too high for them．

There may be other causes of poverty like the change in business．For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished, which employed a lot of African-American people．But now, the focus is more on information technology and health care, both of which employ only skilled and trained people．This has led to unemployment among African-Americans．

Poverty has many ill effects on society．That's why steps should be taken to get rid of it!

1.What's the meaning of the underlined word "flourished" in Paragraph 5?

（No more than 5 words）

2.Why is overpopulation a cause of poverty today? （No more thanl2 words）

3.What's the situation of education m underdeveloped countries? （No more than 8 words）

4.What does the passage mainly talk about?（No more than 10 words）

5.In your opinion, what's the most significant cause of poverty today? Please give your reason．（No more than 25 words）

假设你是图①中的男孩。请根据以下图画提供情节线索，以Sharing Housework为题，用英文叙述你帮妈妈做家务的经过及感想。

注意；1．必须包括图画所表现的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整；

2．词数：不少于100词。

Sharing housework

We need an effective strategy to help children living in ______ poverty to have the opportunity to receive ______ good education.

A．/ ; a              B．a ; /              C．/ ; the            D．the ; a

---Could you turn the TV down a little bit?

---______. Is it disturbing you?

A．Take it easy        B．I’m sorry         C．Not a bit          D．It depends

______ in the regulations is that you _____ other people the password of your e-mail account.

A．What is required; not tell                 B．As is required; shouldn’t tell

C．It is required; not tell                     D．It requires; shouldn’t tell

He never thought that his success came ______ he least wanted it.

A．until             B．since             C．when             D．while

No sooner ______ down on bed ______ the telephone rang.

A．had he lain, than                        B．had he lied, when

C．did he lie, than                         D．had he laid, before

Why don’t you ______ it to his attention that you are too busy to go on working?

A．pay              B．fix               C．bring             D．draw