A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.

They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.

“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”

Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.

During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.

“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”

(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

1.A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except

2.According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that

3.What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?

4.While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that

Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy)

2.舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)

3.经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)

4.演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)

5.她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)

Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：

1. 简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；

2. 说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比）。

Volunteering gives you a chance____ lives, including your own.

A．change           B．changing          C．changed          D．to change

Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs   you could have problems

A．or               B．and              C．but              D．So

Shakespeare’s play Hamlet  into at least ten different films over the past years.

A．had been made                         B．was made

C．has been made                         D．would be made

       the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.

A．Find             B．Finding           C．To find            D．Found

 --- Do you think Mom and Dad   late?

--- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.

A．were             B．will be            C．would be          D．have been

 I have an appointment      Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.

A．to               B．off               C．with              D．from

Many countries are now setting up national parks     animals and plants can be protected.

A．when            B．which            C．whose            D．where