The USA is a land of immigrants. Between 1815 and 1914, the world witnessed the greatest peaceful migration in its history: 35 million people, mostly Europeans, left their homelands to start new lives in America. Why did these people risk everything by leaving their homes and families?

First, what forced emigrants to make the decision to leave? One major cause for European farmers to leave was the rise in population which in turn led to land hunger. Another was politics. There was an increased taxation（税收） and the growth of armies, and many young men fled eastern Europe to avoid being forced to join the army.

Physical hunger provided another pressing reason. Following the collapse （衰退）of the economy of southern Italy in the 1860s, hundreds of thousands decided to start a new life in America. Religion also encouraged millions to leave the Old World.

In short, people chose to leave their homes for social, economic and religious reasons. As a result, by 1890 among a total population of 63 million, there were more than nine million foreign-born Americans.

But what were the attractions? First of all, there was the promise of land which was so scarce in Europe. Next, factories were calling for workers, and pay conditions were much better than back home. Men were needed to open up the West and build the long railroads, and new towns needed settlers to live in and to develop business. There was the space for religious people to practice their faith in peace.

This immigration meant that by around the 1850s Americans of non-English had started to be more than those of English. As we know, there were losers. To start with, there were those unwilling immigrants, the slaves who had been used as a source of cheap labour. Nor should we forget the equally unlucky American Indians. By 1860 there were 27 million free whites, four million slaves and a mere 488,000 free blacks.

Nowadays, the USA is still seen by millions as the Promised Land. As always, it remains an attractive place to those who think it will offer them a second chance.

1.What is not the cause for people to leave their homeland?

A. The search for religious freedom.

B. The search for adventure.

C. Unwillingness to join the army.

D. Economics.

2.Why was life of the 19th Century European farmers difficult?

A. There was no land.

B. There was no peace.

C. The population had gone down.

D. There were too many of them.

3. Which of the following was not an attraction of the USA?

A. Employment                                                               B. A healthy life

C. freedom of religion                                          D. Business opportunities

4.What is the topic of this passage?

A. The USA is still seen by millions as the Promised Land.

B. The USA is a land of immigrants.

C. Religion encouraged millions to leave the Old World.

D. About one-eighth of non-native born Americans live in the USA in 1890.

5. The American Indians __________.

A. were as fortunate as the slaves    

B. were more unfortunate than the slaves

C. were the most unfortunate  

D. were as unfortunate as the slaves

As a boy growing up in India, I had longed to travel abroad. I used to listen to the stories my father would tell me about his stay in Canada and tours to Europe in the 1970s, with great interest.

My big moment finally came in the summer of 1998 when I was able to accompany my parents to Europe, where my father was to attend a meeting. We planned to travel to Belgium, Netherlands and West Germany.

I have clear memories even today of going to Mumbai airport at night all excited about finally going abroad. I had heard several great things about Lufthansa till then but now I finally got to experience them first hand, during the flight to Frankfurt. We flew business class and even today I can remember the excellent service by the Lufthansa crew （工作人员）. The flight was really smooth and thoroughly enjoyable, even for someone like me, who is especially afraid of flying.

After spending almost two weeks in Europe, we took the Lufthansa airport express from Dusseldorf to Frankfurt airport, for our return flight. What a journey that was! All along the Rhine (莱茵河), it was simply an unforgettable experience. I had a sombre feeling on the flight back to Mumbai as it marked the end of a wonderful vacation, but the Lufthansa crew members were able to change it into a most enjoyable experience yet again, with the quality of their service.

Being the first airline to take me abroad, Lufthansa will always hold a special place in my heart. Even today，I continue to enjoy flights on Lufthansa and simply cannot dream of choosing any other airline. Flying, in general，for me，has always been a terrible and painful experience．Flying on Lufthansa，however, is something I always have and always will look forward to.

1.Which country does the author live in now?

A. India.                     B. Canada.                            C. Belgium.                         D. Germany.

2.What made the author so interested in traveling abroad?

A. Growing up in India.

B. Once staying in Canada.

C. Once traveling to Canada with his father.

D. His father's stories about his traveling experiences.

3.Which of the following is true about the author's trip to Europe in 1998?

A. The author traveled with one of his parents.

B. Both their going and return were by air.

C. They traveled in spring that year.

D. They stayed in Europe for nearly two months.

4.It can be inferred from the passage that Lufthansa is ________.

A. a city in India                                             B. a city in Europe

C. an airline company                                  D. a travel agency

5.The underlined word “somber” in the 4th paragraph probably means “________”.

A. happy                    B. sad                           C. angry                     D. enjoyable

Description: Bayer Aspirin (generic name: acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and inflammation. Reducing the risk of death due to a heart attack if taken as soon as a heart attack is suspected. Aspirin taken during a suspected heart attack can also lessen the damaging effects of the heart attack. Aspirin can prevent first heart attack and stroke in individuals with angina.

–Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking Aspirin.

–Do not take it if you are allergic to this medicines.

–Do not take it if there is something wrong with your kidney.

B

Description: SleepWell is a natural herbal medicine which contains ardostchya Jatamanshi and Ferula Narthex raw material. It helps to overcome sleep disorders such as insomnia and restlessness by facilitating the process of falling asleep and providing restful, deep sleep. The benefits of SleepWell include: promotion of good disposition; relief of depression, anxiety and fear; mood swings get less severe; non-drowsy formula without any addictive potential; effective in patients suffering from depression and ailments that cause shaking.

–1 capsule in the morning and 2 capsules in the evening, half hour before going to sleep.

C

Description: Ultracet contains a combination of tramadol and acetaminophen. Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever. Ultracet is used to treat moderate to severe pain. You should not take Ultracet if you are allergic to acetaminophen or tramadol, if you are intoxicated (drunk), or if you have recently used narcotic pain medicine, a sedative or tranquilizer, medicine for depression or mental illness, or any type of drug dealing with stress.

         –Do not drink alcohol while you are taking Ultracet. Alcohol may cause a dangerous decrease in your breathing when used together with Ultracet.

–Do not take it if you have a history of head injury, kidney disease, liver disease.

D

假如你叫李华，现正在美国加利福尼亚州上大学，你的一个朋友刘英写信向你了解美国加利福尼亚州的情况，请根据以下内容提示给他回信简介加利福尼亚州。

＊加利福尼亚州： California；太平洋：the Pacific；印第安人：Indians

【写作内容】

请根据以上内容给朋友写回信，内容包括：

1、加里福尼亚的地理方面的信息;

2、人口及其语言方面的信息;

3、信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入句子数。

【写作要求】

只能用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。

Dear Liu Ying,

   Your letter reached me yesterday. You would like me to tell you something about California, so now I am writing to you.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

If you want to know more, you may go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California#History. Best wishes to you.

Yours ever,

Li Hua

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Children in kindergarten are learning social skills. For this reason, it’s important to tell the children what will make them become good citizens when they grow up. It’s up to parents, teachers and all others involved with a kid to teach these skills.

Teaching kids to pick up things by themselves is a good way to teach them not to throw things on the ground. For example, if a class has to make paper cutouts (剪下的图样), after cutting, have the children pick up the wastepaper and place it in the wastebasket.

The golden rule of good citizenship should be taught at this age. The rule is “One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself”. Teachers should ask their students how they want to be treated. There are many answers, such as not being treated in bad manners. The teacher should explain that others don’t like to be scared, so you should not scare (使惊恐) others either.

Following the laws is good citizenship(公民义务). Proper games can be played in the classroom. Games have rules, and all students in the class should follow the rules of the games. If a child doesn’t want to follow, it is up to the teacher to explain them to the child. Teaching children about following rules should help them understand the need to obey the law when they become adults. 

【写作内容】

1．以约30个词概括这篇短文的内容要点；

2．不少城市在创建文明城市。请以约120个词谈我们如何成为文明市民。内容包括：

（1）你认为文明市民 (a civilized citizen) 应具备什么素质，列举两三种文明行为；

（2）作为中学生，谈谈你应如何从小事做起，为创建文明城市作贡献。

【写作要求】

1．可以使用实例来支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

The secret of staying slim could be as simple as keeping your mind on your meals. Research suggests that   1  ourselves from distractions and concentrating completely on the food that is in front of us, helps us stay in   2  . Such ‘mindful eating’ ensures that the   3  is in tune with (协调) the body, enabling it to ‘hear’ the chemical   4  that tell it that we are full。

Digestion   5   a complex series of signals between the gut (肠道)and the nervous system and it takes about 20 minutes for the brain to tell that the body has eaten enough. This means that if someone eats too   6  , the signals will come slowly, leading to   7  .

   Scientists say that distractions make it  8  for us to remember what we have eaten. This absent-mindedness stops us from feeling   9   – and sends us reaching for some snacks later on. It is thought that our memory of what we have eaten plays a key role in   10   appetite. This means that distractions stop us from remembering the detail of what we have eaten – leaving us feeling   11  .

   Advocates of mindful eating   12  chewing food slowly and taking note of its color, smell and flavor. Before   13   dieters should ask themselves if they are really hungry---and if not, distract themselves by going for a walk or reading. Done  14  , mindful eating may not only leave you   15  , but also make you enjoy mealtimes.

1.A. feeling      B. protecting      C. freeing        D. saving

2.A. shape       B. health         C. touch          D. business

3.A. appetite     B. speed         C. emotion        D. mind

4.A. orders      B. sounds        C. desires          D. messages

5.A. discovers    B. involves      C. sends           D. holds

6.A. quickly     B. slowly        C. gradually        D. suddenly

7.A. imbalance   B. damage       C. overeating       D. failure

8.A. clearer      B. easier         C. sharper         D. harder

9.A. full         B. great         C. comfortable      D. delicious

10.A. building     B. losing        C. controlling       D. improving

11.A. upset       B. eager         C. hungry          D. desperate

12.A. mind       B. advise        C. avoid            D. consider

13.A. snacking    B. running       C. writing           D. cooking

14.A. quietly     B. strongly       C. properly          D. poorly

15.A. slim        B. fat           C. strong            D. calm

Here in China, as the awareness of climate change improves, realizing a low-carbon way of life, also known as reducing your carbon footprint, is a growing trend among young Chinese.

Zheng Xiyu works at  1.  office in Beijing’s Central Business District．Every day,  2.   takes her roughly 40 minutes to go to work by bus．But she is thinking of  3.   (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．When buying clothes, she will choose those purely made of cotton, 4.  it takes less carbon to produce cotton clothes．She’s also adapting to a vegetable diet as livestock(家畜) can make many contributions  5.    today’s most serious environmental problems.

I wasn’t surprised when I read that actress Helen Hunt recently stated that she would never allow her young daughter to become a child star. Ms Hunt is the daughter of a Hollywood technical director, and grew up in Hollywood. Now in her late 40s, she started acting and modeling when she was eight and has probably seen a lot over those years in show business.

  She has had a successful career. She earned four Golden Globes and four Emmys. She also attained the top honor of her profession when she won the Best Actress Academy Award for her role in the 1992 movie, As Good As It Gets. Given those accolades, Ms Hunt is successful. There is no doubt that her early experiences as a child star prepared her for what has been an outstanding adult career. Given those achievements, why would this star declare she’ll never allow her daughter, now at the age of six, to follow in her footsteps?

   Everyone familiar with the entertainment scene is aware of the reasons for her attitude. Recent tabloid (小报) news headlines featuring the troubles of former child stars, among them Lindsay Lohan, Britney Spears and the late Gary Coleman, may answer the question. Although Ms Hunt managed to become a successful grown-up star, she apparently believes she’s an exception.

  What Ms Hunt may be suggesting is that many very young stars go through unnatural childhoods on movie and TV sets. While they’re earning big incomes, they’re so pampered (纵容) by directors and praised by fans; they may get false impressions that their lives will always be that way. Then, within a few years, when faced with reality, they’re hurt and confused. After all the overwhelming affection, they find they can’t deal with the problems. That’s often when drugs and alcohol take over their lives.

Helen Hunt has some other reasons why she doesn’t want her daughter to be in the entertainment business. Many child stars can never make a successful transition to meaningful adulthood. However, as with many Hollywood movies, I believe there are both good and bad scenes about how it can be played out in real life.

1.According to the passage, Ms Hunt _________.

A. started acting and modeling when she was a little girl

B. has been acting for about 30 years

C. is the daughter of a famous actor

D. started singing when she was eight

2.The underlined word “accolades” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.

A. difficulties              B. awards                    C. salaries          D. opinions

3.The author thinks Helen Hunt’s success is mainly due to _________.

A. her hard work                B. the help of a technical director

C. her experiences as a child star   D. her talent and good luck

4.Helen Hunt wouldn’t allow her daughter to become a child star because she thinks _________.

A. child stars often take drugs and alcohol

B. being a child star may ruin her future

C. child stars aren’t able to solve their problems

D. it is difficult to succeed as a child actor

5.From the passage we can conclude that _________.

A. few child stars will succeed in the future

B. there is no way to save the entertainment business

C. the author has a different opinion about child stars

D. meaningful adulthood only belongs to non-child stars