Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective, say researchers.

Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized, according to researchers.

They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden, when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see.

This suggested the dogs were able to alter their behavior when they knew their owners' perspective had changed.

The study, published in Animal Cognition, conducted tests on eighty-four dogs.

The experiments had been trying to find whether dogs could make their behavior suitable to react to the changed circumstances of their human owners. It wanted to see if dogs had a "flexible understanding" that could show they understood the viewpoint of a human.

It found that when the lights were turned off, dogs in a room with their human owners were much more likely to disobey and steal forbidden food.

The study says it is "unlikely that the dogs simply forgot that the human was in the room" when there was no light. Instead it seems as though the dogs were able to differentiate between when the human was unable or able to see them.

Juliane Kaminski carried out the research into how dogs are influenced by human circumstances.

Dr Juliane Kaminski, from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, said the study was "incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective".

Previous studies have suggested that although humans might think that they can recognize different expressions on their dogs' faces, this is often inaccurate and a projection of human emotions.

“Humans constantly attribute(归属) certain qualities and emotions to other living things. We know that our own dog is clever or sensitive, but that's us thinking, not them,” said Dr Kaminski.

“These results suggest humans might be right, where dogs are concerned, but we still can't be completely sure if the results mean dogs have a truly flexible understanding of the mind and others' minds. It has always been assumed only humans had this ability.

1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. The researchers made the test on dogs in eighty-four countries.

B. Dogs always obey and don’t steal forbidden food.

C. Dogs may adapt their behavior in response to the changed circumstances.

D. The research is carried out to find out how dogs are influenced by light.

In every British town, large and small, you will find shops that sell second-hand goods. Sometimes such shops deal mostly in furniture, sometimes in books, sometimes in ornaments and household goods, sometimes even in clothes.

The furniture may often be “antique”, and it may well have changed hands many times. It may also be very valuable, although the most valuable piece will usually go to the London salerooms, where one piece might well be sold for hundreds of thousands of pounds. As you look around these shops and see the polished wood of chests and tables, you cannot help thinking of those long-dead hands which polished that wood, of those now-closed eyes which once looked at these pieces with love.

The books, too, may be antique and  very precious; some may be rare first printings. Often when someone dies or has to move house, his books may all be sold, so that sometimes you may find whole libraries in one shop. On the border between England and Wales, there is a town which has become a huge bookshop as well.Even the cinema and castle have been taken over, and now books have replaced sheep as the town’s main trsde.

There are also much more humble shops, sometimes simply called “junk shops”, where you can buy small household pieces very cheaply. Sometimes the profits from these shops go to charity. Even these pieces, though, can make you feel sad; you think of those people who once treasured them, but who have moved on, to another country or to death.

Although the British do not worship their ancestors, they do treasure the past and the things of the past. This is true of houses as well. These days no one knocks them down; they are restored until they are often better than new. In Britain, people do not buy something just because it is new. Old things are treasured for their proven worth; new things have to prove themselves before they are accepted.

1.Books found in second-hand book shops may _____.

A．be copies of the earliest printing                 B．be on sale for the first time

C．never be worth very much                     D．never be rare

2.Second-hand goods sometimes fill you with sadness because_____.

A．they are too expensive for average buyers

B．they remind you of the original owner

C．they are now neglected

D．they are sold for charity

3.Which of the following word can best take the place of the word “antique” in the second paragraph?

A．invention               B．possession             C．material                 D．relic

4.According to the passage, the British people_____.

A．do not respect old things because they are not fashionable

B．like to build new houses simply because it is fashionable to do so

C．like to buy new things because they are fashionable

D．do not like to buy things simply because they are fashionable

根据短文内容, 从下框A~F选项中选出能概括每段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. Control of respiration

B. Basic tips for preserving cut flowers

C. Role of respiration

D. Most important aspect of flower care

E. Need for clean water

F. Ways of stopping respiration

1.______________

While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. The key to keeping fresh cut flower for a week or more without preservatives ( which contain biocides (杀虫剂) that kill bacterial and fungus) is to keep the water fresh and the stems free of air pockets so they can continue to draw up water.

2._____________

  An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowered at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.

3._____________

  The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration (呼吸), supplies the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.

4.______________

  How, then, to control the speed at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature, we know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse ( 反面 ) is also true. Thus by keeping low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.

5._____________

  Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, chlorine bleach ( 含氯漂白剂 ) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach be added to each liter of water. The water and solution （ 溶液 ）should also be replaced each day.

根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词, 在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确、完整形式, 每空只写一词。

1.All your________ (行李) must be checked through customs.  

2.I ________ (犹豫) about whether to accept the invitation when I was asked to his party.

3.I put on my sports shoes so that I could walk more________ (舒服地).

4.Will it be________ (方便) for you to start work tomorrow?

5.________(装饰)are features that are added to something to make it look more attractive.

6.He whipped out a________ (手帕) to bind up his finger.

7.The morning’s work was constantly________ (打断) by phone call.

8.She was found________(无辜清白) of any crime.

9.Mr. Green was made________(教授) at the age of 38.

10.He has a gift for arts and________(欣赏) foreign oil paintings.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线（___）, 并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意:         1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

One morning, though the clock rang aloud, Mary didn’t up until eight. She hurried got dressed, snatched over her schoolbag,rushed towards her school. She ran as fast as he could, so that she might miss the first lesson. But to her disappointing. she found the school was quiet. After she entered into the schoolyard，it seemed that there was nobody in the school besides the guard. Mary was wondering what had happened while she saw the word on the bulletin board. It was Sunday.

最近你班举行了一场关于“动物园里圈养动物好不好”的讨论。假如你是李涛，请你根据下列提示，用英语将讨论的结果向English Weekly投稿。注意：字数120左右。

要求如下:

1. 赞成的理由；(至少3条理由)

2. 反对的理由；(至少3条理由)

3. 你的观点

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we held on whether it is good or bad to keep animals in zoos.        

In order to have _____ better understanding of the accident, the three witnesses were called for _____ second meeting．

A．a; a     B．the; a  C．a; 不填       D．不填; the

I can’t remember _______ you started doing the work.

A. that it was when    B. when it was that

C. when was it that     D. that was it when

_______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

A. That             B. What           C. Who              D. Which

______ I already know what career I want to follow.

A. Young as I am     B. I am as young

C.As I am young       D. As young I am