(北京市北大附中2007年5月高三最后适应测试E篇)

Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.

Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words．Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more.

Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.

When the brain is first asked to remember something that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, meaning that it is possible that it could be lost．At some point, the brain consolidates those it deems important into a “stable”, more permanent state．However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again．This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again in the face of new experiences.

The 12 volunteers tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer which were purposely difficult to understand．Initially, the written version of the word  from the audio version only．Tests revealed that the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off as the day ended.

However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “ forgotten” the previous evening.

Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said: “Sleep consolidates memories, protecting them against subsequent interference or decay．Sleep also appears to “recover” or restore memories.” He said: “If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”

Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a transformation---no longer is memory thought to be a hard-writing of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and restorage.”

Sleep helps some memories “mature” and also prunes out unimportant memories.

72．What does the first paragraph implies?

       A．A busy day makes people forget things easily.

       B．People need a good night’s sleep after a busy day.

       C．A good night’s sleep helps memories.

       D．A good night’s sleep helps people forget a busy day.

73．The words the 12 volunteers played in the experiment were not ____

       A．created through a speech synthesizer

       B．hard to understand

       C．available at the beginning

       D．designed to test people’s ability of understanding

74．According to the passage, memory_____

       A．is a hard-writing of the brain

       B．is not a process of storage

       C．is not a process of restorage

       D．will be mature with the help of sleep

75．Which of the following is NOT true?

       A．When people first remember something, the memory is in an “unstable state”.

       B．The brain will change those important unstable memories into stable.

       C．Once the memory become stable, it will never become unstable again.

       D．Sleep can protect memories from being harmed.

 (北京东城区2006—2007学年度第一学期期末教学目标检测C篇)

Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street ,an environment group warned .Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents（啮齿动物）were stopping their traditional hunts underground and were roaming the streets ,tempted by discarded burgers ,pizzas and crisps. “The rat population is on the rise and soon it’ll be as common to see a rodent on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat,” said group Director ,Sue Nelson. The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the trash—with young men the worst offenders—was behind the rise. According to the National Rodent Survey in 2005, Britain’s rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 2000 and is now estimated at 60 million ,two million more than the human population. On average a rat can give birth every 24—28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a colony of 2,000 a year. Around 200 people a year get Weil’s Disease –an infection which can lead to liver or kidney（肝肾）failure and eventually death and which is arrived in rat’s waste. To highlight the issue ,Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema ad entitled “How close do you want them to get?” The ad gave a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rots –echoing the nightmare scene from James Herbert’s classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on（捕食）humans.

64．Where did the rodents use to search for food?

       A．In the Street .                                      B．Under the ground.

       C．From the trash cans.                            D．In burger shops. 

65．What is the human population now according to the writer?

       A．60 million.           B．58 million.           C．35 million.           D．2 million.

66．We may infer from the passage that      .

       A．Weil’s Disease will finally end the world

       B．pizzas and crisps will become poisonous

       C．rats will endanger human beings’ life     

       D．young people are blame for the rat population

67．By writing the passage, the author tries to       .

       A．close some of the burger and pizza restaurants

       B．draw the public attention to the problem of rats

       C．prevent the rats from growing up

       D．making advertisement for the classic horror film The Rats

 (北京东城区2006—2007学年度第一学期期末教学目标检测A篇)

How Do Animals Catch Their ZZZ’s?

       Different creatures have developed some pretty creative ways to get their rest and stay safe. The lizard（蜥蝎）likes to sleep at the far end of small branches hanging out over a pond or lake in the rain forest. If a snake tries to slither up the branch to eat it ,it will shake the branch and knock the lizard off ,and the lizard will fall safely into the water. Chameleons can change color to match their surroundings in order to hide even while sleeping.

       Corillas（大猩猩）like to sleep high in the trees. They build a new bed every night, sometimes taking up to half an hour to pile branches ,twigs ,and leaves into a comfortable bed .Birds also find it safe to sleep in the trees, but unless they have eggs or young chicks ,they don’t use a nest .They just lock their feet around a branch and hang on .A special tendon（腱）in their legs in automatically tight when they are at rest ,so they won’t let go and fall.

       Dolphins live underwater ,but must come to the surface to breather .Scientists now believe that dolphins may sleep with only half their brain, while the other half stays awake to keep them safe and breathing. Seals also do this ,lying on their sides on the surface of the water with one flipper underwater paddling to keep their noses above the surface. Some ducks may also have this ability, and actually sleep with one eye closed and one eye open.                          

56．How many animals are mentioned in this passage?

      A．6.                       B．7.                       C．8.                       D．9.

57．How does a chameleon protect itself while sleeping?

       A．By changing its body colors.                 B．By hinging out over a pond.

       C．By sleeping with half their brain.            D．By making beds with branches.

58．Why will not birds fall when they are at rest?

       A．They build nests and sleep in them.        B．They fall asleep automatically.

       C．They have a loose tendon in their legs.   D．They lock their feet around a branch.

59．What does the writer intend to tell us?

      A．The cleverest animal is the gorilla because it can make beds.

       B．Differences in habitat could lead to different living habits.

       C．The ways animals catch their ZZZ’s are pretty much he same .

       D．In order to protect themselves most animals choose not to sleep.

 (2007年北京海淀区高三年级第一学期期末E篇)

The oldest forms of medicine are enjoying a comeback .Modern holistic medicine is an approach that treats the whole patient ,not just the disease .It is a way to maintain good health rather than cure illness .The most important influences on today’s holistic medicine are ancient Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, both of which promoted whole body health.

       Holistic medicine usually combines diet ,physical exercise and meditation, together with other alternative techniques such as massage（按摩）and acupuncture（针炙）.Herbal treatment ,a practice of treating illness by using plants, is influenced by the writings of Culpeper as well as Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Homeopathy（顺势疗法）is one of the forms of holistic medicine which is widely practiced in Europe and the USA .Homeopathy began in Germany in the early 1800s, when Samuel Hahnemann bescribed how very tiny doses（剂量）of a drug had an effect on his patients .According to Hahnemann, the more the drug was diluted（稀释）,the stronger its effects .The substance selected would produce similar effects to the disease itself if given in large doses. In the UK homeopathy is regarded as a non-traditional but just about acceptable treatment.

       Meditation and contemplation have an important role in holistic medicine. They were brought to Europe by Indian teachers who combined Indian Ayurvedic medicine with Western beliefs. Transcendental meditation（超脱静坐）is one of the best known of these techniques .People repeat words inside their head to reach a state of deep relaxation.

       The holistic movement has made many doctors look at the whole patient ,not just the disease .Life-style,emotional problems and diet are just some of the factors that can affect a person’s health . Holistic medicine emphasizes good diet , exercise and fresh air ,all of which

contribute to health .Some clinics now offer holistic medicine along with traditional treatments ,so

that their patients can choose a combination of treatments that suits them. One problem with holistic medicine is that it is difficult for people to be sure a doctor is reliable. To solve this ,many countries want alternative doctors to form professional bodies.

71．Modern holistic medicine centers upon     .

       A．curing a disease                                   B．herbal treatment

       C．continuous development                       D．keeping patients healthy

72．Which of the following does NOT belong to holistic medicine?

       A．massage                                             B．meditation

       C．a balanced diet                                     D．a knee operation

73．The principle of homeopathy is that     .

       A．the large doses of medicine that will not be harmful will take better effect

       B．the disease will be cured sooner by taking larger doses of medicine

       C．a small thinner dose of medicine will be more effective

       D．the doses of medicine depend on how serious the illness is

74．Which of the following titles best sums up the passage?

       A．Holistic Medicine                                 B．Traditional Medicine Returns

       C．History of Medicine                             D．Combination of Treatments Works

75．What can we infer from the passage?

       A．Relaxation is the key of holistic treatment.

       B．Holistic medicine needs to become more trustworthy.

       C．Holistic treatment is more beneficial than traditional treatments.

       D．Holistic medicine will become the most welcome treatment soon.

 (浙江省金华一中2008年5月高考模拟D篇)

First it was jogging. Then aerobics（有氧运动）. Not too long ago, Americans discovered race walking.

Now Americans are into a new fitness craze. They’re taking up bicycling. Over hills and down mountainsides and across quiet country roads, Americans are busily rolling along.

The number of adults who ride for fitness is around 17 million, an increase of 70 percent over four years ago. Twice as many women as men are coming to the sport. Americans are falling in love with biking because it has speed, the benefits of jogging and beautiful scenery.

Bicycling is a very appropriate sport, which is important to people who injured their knees while jogging or whose joints are aching from aerobics. And biking is a real awakening for people who have been into race walking in the past. Race walking is as dull as watching paint dry.

The most popular kind of bicycle for people who are new to the sport is the mountain bike, which has a fixed frame with wide tires and upright handles. Mountain bikes also have many gears（齿轮） to make it easier to climb hills. About 5 million Americans ride mountain bikes, compared with 200,000 who rode them only five years ago.

Costs range from about ＄130 for a bottom-of-the-line bicycle to more than ＄2,700 for an expensive bicycle.

Mountain biking has attracted some people who race down the sides of mountains like a bat out of hell. But most riders ride slowly and they rarely venture far from home.

The biking craze has brought an unexpected profit（盈利） to clothing and bicycle accessory（附属品）makers. Last year, bikers paid ＄630 million for biking clothes and accessories.

Bicycling seems likely to continue its fantastic growth.

  53. Race walking is about as dull as watching paint dry because           

A. race walking is a slow-moving sport

B. the number of adults who ride for fitness has grown 70 percent in four years.

C. it has speed, the benefits of jogging and beautiful scenery.

D. Americans are taking up bicycling.

  54. The bicycling craze has been a profit for            .

A. people who want to ride like a bat out of hell

B. bicycle accessory makers

C. race walkers

D. twice as many women as men

  55. What does the underlined word “bottom-of-the-line” mean?

A. poor       B. modern    C. old        D. cheapest

  56. The main idea of the article is _______

A. riding a bicycle is one of the most dangerous sports in America

B. Americans are rolling along

C. bicycling is the latest fitness craze to hit America

D. most people in America want to own a hand-made bicycle that can cost more than 2,700

 (山东诸城等四县市2008年高考适应性训练B篇)

Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable；that they are intensely important

in interpersonal communication is a fact．During the first two months of a baby's life，the stimulus

(刺激物)that produces a smile is a pair of eyes．The eyes need not be real：a mask with two dots

will produce a smile．Significantly，a real human face with eyes coveted will not motivate a smile，

nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile(侧面)．This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures．In one study，when American

four-year-olds were asked to draw people，75 percent of them drew people with mouths，but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes．In Japan，however，where babies ale carried on their mother's back，they do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures．As a result，Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode(把…编码)or decode(理解)meaning．In fact，Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one's gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation partner．”

    The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined：

speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second，then glance away as they talk；in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive，then shift their gaze away once more．Listeners，meanwhile，keep their eyes on the face of the speaker，allowing themselves to glance away only briefly．It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact, if they are not looking，the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will stop the conversation．Just how critical this eye contacting is to the maintenance(维持)of conversational flow becomes clear when two speakers are wearing dark glasses：there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption，false starts，and unpredictable pauses．

61．The author is convinced that the eyes are      

      A．of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas

      B．something through which one can see a person's inner world

      C．of considerable significance in making conversations interesting

      D．something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate

62．Babies will NOT be stimulated to smile by a person       ．

      A．whose front view is fully perceived(感知)

      B．whose face is covered with a mask

      C．whose face is seen from the side

      D．whose face is free of any covering

63．According to the passage，the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner's neck because      

    A．they don't like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker

    B．they need not communicate through eye contact

    C．they don't think it polite to have eye contact with him or her

    D．they didn't have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood

64．According to the passage，a conversation between two Americans may break down due to

    A．one temporarily glancing away from the other

    B．eye contact of more than one second

    C．improperly-timed pause of eye contact

    D．constant adjustment of eye contact

65．To keep a conversation flowing smoothly，it is better for the participants ．

      A．not to wear sunglasses

      B．not to make any interruptions

      C．not to glance away from each other

      D．not to make unpredictable pauses

 (辽宁省沈阳二中2008届第四次模拟考试B篇)

It’s not all kangaroos down there

   People just naturally associate kangaroo, koala and fine beaches with Australia. Yes, you can find many fine sand beaches, white or brown, to enjoy the sunshine and seaside breeze. However, in Queensland, the eastern state of Australia, a night beach tour at this time of the year may bring you a more exciting sight of the miracle of life: You can watch hatching baby turtles making their first steps in a natural environment.

   On Mon Repos beach, about 14 kilometres east of city of Bundaberg in Queensland, Australia, lies Mon Repos Conservation Park.

   By day, Mon Repos beach is a sweeping bay of brown sand, a quiet spot for people to sunbathe, surf and fish.

   By night, it’s home to the largest concentration of endangered marine turtles on the eastern Australian mainland. And the miracle of egg laying and hatching happens from around mid-October to the end of April every year.

   In order not to disturb the turtles,  tourists have to follow the instruction of the guides.

   But this may make the tour more like an adventure: Tourist are usually told to huddle (蜷缩) close together, hold hands and walk close to the shoreline in the dark.

   At the start of the season (October and November), tourists can view turtle laying their eggs. Turtles first use all four flippers (鳍状肢) to dig a body pit (坑) in the sand and then lay eggs in it. It’s not uncommon for a turtle to lay more than 100 eggs at a time. And her mission isn’t done until she uses her flippers to flick sand and cover the nest.

   If you go there at the end of the season (March to April), you can see groups of hatchings walk down to the water. It is an astonishing sight as the small creatures，barely two minutes old, race instinctively to the sea,

   If they survive, the same hatchings will return in 50 years’ time to lay eggs on the very beach where they first emerged(出现).

60. The first paragraph is intended to ________.

   A. recommend the readers to have a holiday in Australia

   B. give the readers an idea of the different sceneries of Australia

   C. show that Australia has a variety of animals.

   D. draw the readers’ attention to the topic of this article.

61. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

   A. turtle can usually lay 100 eggs at a time.

   B. It’s quite dangerous for the tourist to watch the turtles at night by the seashore.

   C. Turtles usually lay eggs when they are 50 years of age.

   D. If you go to the beach in October, you can see turtles lay eggs.

62. The underlined word in the passage probably refers to ______.

   A. the process of hatching

   B. the mother turtles

   C. the end of hatching

   D. newly-born turtles

63. Which of the following shows the correct relationship of the three places? (M=Mon Repos Conservation Park; Q=Queensland; B=Bundaberg)

 (辽宁省沈阳二中2008届第四次模拟考试A篇)

A recent survey by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) found that about a third of nurses in UK planned to give up their jobs in the next two years because of the amount of worries and unhappiness with their pay.

   Among those under 40, the percentage of nurses planning to leave their employers increased from 32% in 2005 to 36% in 2007.

The survey also found that 71% of nurses believed they could be paid more for less effort if they left nursing, compared to 60% in 1997.

   The research was published as the RCN hosted a meeting for nurse leaders to deal with the growing concerns of the nurses.

   Josie Irwin, an RCN expert, said, “ Many nurses say that changes in junior doctors’ hours have resulted in an increase in their workload. Nurses are under more and more pressure.”

   Ms Irwin added, “Only 22% of all nurses disagree that they are under too much pressure.”

   She also said that 27% of nurses had a second job, with the main reason that they needed some extra income.

   “Nurses have made it clear that while they enjoy their work, they have more to do than ever and are not being paid enough to do it.” She added. “ For this reason, the RCN is calling for a pay increase for nurses to bring their pay into line with others.”

   The survey of 4,795 nurses found that some important changes to the profession had taken place in recent years. The average age of the nurses questioned was 42 ---compared to an average of 33 in 1987. The RCN said that the age increase was because people were now becoming nurses later. In the 1960s, the average age of a nurse on the completion of training was 21, but over the last 5 years it has been an average of 29.

56.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.      Nurses in Britain are badly paid.

B.      Nurses in UK tend to be older in age than before.

C.      Half of the nurses in UK want to leave their jobs.

D.     There is less work pressure on nurses in UK.

57.The main reason for the decrease of nurses is_____.

A. heavy workload and long-time training

B. poor working conditions

C. change in junior doctors’ hours

D. workload and unhappiness with the pay

58. From the passage we know______.

A. 27% of the nurses have another job for extra income.

B. Only 27% of all nurses agree that they are under too much pressure.

C. people are envious of the nurses’ job

D. Few changes to the profession of the nurses have taken place in recent years.

59.What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Nurses dislike their jobs.

B. Nurses’ low income

C. Nurses plan to give up their jobs.

D. Nurses’ pressure

 (衡阳市八中2008届高三模拟试题D篇)

Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.

Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects.

Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be “biotech hearts and eyes” which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans.

The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.

It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve our problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless, cheap and safe energy. Today those promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way.

68.According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be      .

A.biotechnology      B.electronics        C.genetic engineering         D.nuclear technology      

69.Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are     .

A.as good as wool                                  B.as good as an insect’s body

C.better than natural materials           D.not as good as natural materials     

70.According to passage, it may soon be possible     .

A.to make something as good as human skin     

B.to make artificial hearts and eyes

C.to transplant human organs                  

D.to produce drugs without side effects

71.In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that______.

  A.the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years

B.biological power sources would be put into use soon

C.oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future

D.dependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon

72.What do we learn from the last paragraph?

  A.Biological power will keep all its promises

  B.Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems

  C.Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power

  D.Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power

 (衡阳市八中2008届高三模拟试题C篇)

Desert ants on their expeditions for food use clues to lead themselves in the homeward direction, but with few landmarks in the poor land, scientists have wondered how the insects always take the most direct route and know exactly how far to march.

The new study shows that counting their steps is an important part of the scheme.

Over the years, scientists have proposed several theories for how ants find their way home. One is that they do it like honeybees and remember visual clues, but experiments showed ants can travel in the dark. Another theory is that because ants run at a steady pace, they could time how long it took them to get to and fro. Other studies have shown that once ants find a good source of food, they teach other ants how to find it.

The ant “pedometer” technique was first proposed in 1904, but it remained untested until now. Scientists trained desert ants to walk along a straight path from their nest entrance to a feeder 30 feet away. If the nest or feeder was moved, the ants would break from their straight path after reaching the expected spot and search for their goal.

Try that on stilts. They glued stilt-like extentions to the legs of some ants to lengthen stride. The researchers shortened other ants’ stride length by cutting off the ants’ feet and lower legs, reducing their legs to stumps.

The ants on stilts took the right number of steps, but because of their increased stride length, marched past their goal. Stump-legged ants, meanwhile, fell short of the goal. After getting used to their new legs, the ants were able to adjust their pedometer.

64. What is the passage mainly about?  

A. Ants’ marching depends on counting their steps    

B. Desert ants know how to look for food                               

C. The secret for ants’ marching is known to all      

D. Ants know how far their food is

65. Apart from counting their steps, how can ants find their way?

A. By smelling                        B. By communicating     

C.By hearing                         D. By recognising wind

66.About the ant pedometer, we know that______.

  A. the technique is a recent discovery        

B. ants always walk along a straight path

  C. ants often change their nest to keep the pedometer

  D. the pedometer needs changing depending on new situations

67. According to the passage, the “stump-legged ants”_______.

  A. have longer legs than ones on stilts     B. have longer legs than the common ones

  C. need more steps to reach their goal     D. can arrive at their goal as usual