（2011·江苏卷）C

According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year.Unfortunately,the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway,however,could help put them anywhere.

The project, called Hywind,is the world’s first large-scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机).Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton,2.3-megawatt turbine,Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture),a technology Hywind’s creator,the Norwegian company StatoilHydro,has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cable(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywind’s stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.

To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar’s to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture )

Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet’s surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.

63. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of _______.

A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor

B. the spar which is floating in deep-sea water

C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind

D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface

64. To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting ____________.

A. on the sea floor       B. on the spar top

C. at sea level           D. behind the blades

65. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can ____________.

A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills

B. make financial profits by producing more turbines

C. settle the arguments about environmental problems

D. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea

（2011·江苏卷）A

We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?

Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who”invented”what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the”why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,”When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City.The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the winshield,she found hersefe wondering why there couldn’t be a buolt-in devic for cleaing the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would contral an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

    Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

56.By mentionong “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless inventions are       .

A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous

B. beneficial,though their inventors are less  famous

C.not useful, because their inventors are less famous

D. not useful, though their inventors are  famous

57.Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.

A. add colour and variety to students’ campus life

B. inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention

C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University

D. pre[are students to try theie own invention

58．Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________.

A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer

B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper

C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm

D. not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures

59. Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

A  How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?

B  How to Design a Built-in Dervice for Cleaning the Window?

C  Shouldn’t We Know Who Inventd the Windshield Wiper?

D  Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

（2011·江西卷）D

Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.

     Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.

    Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品)  of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

71. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?

       A. To express his doubts.

       B. To compare different ideas.

       C. To introduce points for discussion.

       D. To describe the conditions on Earth.

72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?

       A. Humans are nature-born to do so.

       B. Humans have the tendency to fight.

       C. Humans may find new sources of food.

       D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.

73. The underlined word“spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.

       A. survival chances                                          B. potential resources

       C. unexpected benefits                               D. physical possessions

74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?

       A. O       ur genetic makeup.                             B. Resources on the earth..

       C. The adaptive ability of humans.              D. By-products in space exploration.

75. Which of the statements can best sum un the passage?

       A. Space exploration has created many wonders.

       B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.

       C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

（2011·湖南卷）C

A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has  come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species

The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant

Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.

The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.

There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.

Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.

Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purpose .”

66. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.

A. the Asian elephant                  B. the forest elephant

C. the savanna elephant                D. the mastodon elephant

67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4means “________”

A. evolution        B. exhibition       C. separation         D. examination

68. The researcher’s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s ____________

A. DNA           B. height          C. weight            D. population

69. What were Alfred Roca’s words mainly about?

   A. The conversation of African elephants.      

B. The purpose of studying African elephants

   C. The way to divide African elephants into two units

   D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants

70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

   A. Naturalist’s Belief about Elephants.        B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants

   C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants    D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants

（2011·重庆卷）C

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16^th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18^th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

64. The kings of France and England in the 16^th century closed bath houses because       .

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A. Afraid.                      B. Curious.

C. Approving.                   D. Uninterested.

66. How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

（2011·陕西卷）D

Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solutiorr?

   Despite what it promiises,GM  technology actually has not increased the production potential    of any corp. In fact

  Studies show that the most  crown GM croo.

GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.

Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The  promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.

At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.

As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.

57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly       .                【】

A. by classification                       B. by comparison

C. by example                              D. by process

58. What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean? 【】

A. Control.       B. Evaluate            C. Obtain.          D. Increase.

59. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______________.  【】

A. practicing “green” farming            B. use of less chemicals

C. fair distribution of their crops          D. using more crops for fuel

60. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?

【】

A. Optimistic     B. Defensive        C. Disapproving      D. Casual

Ride With The Leader

    CitySights NY has become the recognized leader in NYC’s sightseeing.

We operate the first top-deck-seating-only buses. Look for friendly ticket agents throughout the city. We very much appreciate your choosing us and wish you a wonderful visit.

▲Downtown Tour

Empire State Building. Chinatown.

United Nations. Rockefeller Center.

Departure Times: 7:45am—6:00pm, daily.

Departure Locations: 8^th Ave. between 49^th &50^th Sts.,

Broadway between 47^th &48^th Sts., 7^th Ave. &42^th St.

Lincoln Center. Central Park.

Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Museum of Natural History.

Museum of Modern Art and more.

Departure Times: 9:00—5:00pm, daily.

Departure Locations: 8^th Ave. between 42^th &43^th Sts., 8th Ave. & 52^th St.

Enjoy and photograph the magnificent Manhattan skyline.

Enjoy view of Times Square, SoHo, Little Italy, Brooklyn

Bridge and more.

Departure Times: 6:30—8:00pm, 7 days a week.

Departure Locations: Broadway between 47^th &48^th Sts,, 7^th Ave. & 42^th St.

Professional tour guides accompany throughout.

All Day Trips about 13 hours. Reservations Required.

Walk the Boston Freedom Trail

Walk the Freedom Trail, which is 2.5 miles long with 16 historic sites. Decide the length of walk you wish to take. Visit Boston Harbor. See the downtown financial district and cross the Charles River to visit the squares of Cambridge, Harvard & MIT universities.

Philadelphia & Amish Country

See the Liberty Bell and Constitution Square. Continue to Lancaster Country, home of the Amish people. Learn how Amish live without modern technology, electricity, running water or phones.

Departure Time: 7:00 am.

Departure Location: 125 Park Ave. between 42^th & 41^th Sts.

60. What do Downtown Tour and Uptown Tour have in common?

A. They both start from the same spot.

B. They offer chances to visit museums.

C. They’re both available every day.

D. They charge the same for adults.

61. A couple with a 9-year-old child wants to visit Times Square. How much will they pay?

A. $ 122.          B. $172.                   C. $182.                   D. $298.

62. What’s special about Escorted Day Trips?

A. You start your trip the earliest of all.

B. You walk the whole trip all day long.

       C. You can learn about modern technology.

D. You need to book the trip in advance.

.【2011·皖南八校第三次联考】B

If a business wants to sell its products internationally, it had better do some market research first．This is a lesson that some large American corporations have learned the hard way．

What's in the name?

Sometimes the problem is the name．When General Motors introduced its Chevy Nova into Latin America, it overlooked the fact that Nova in Spanish means "It doesn't go"．Sure enough, the Chevy Nova never went anywhere in Latin America．

       Translation problems

Sometimes it is the slogan that doesn't work．No company knows this better than Pepsi—Cola, with its "Come alive with Pepsi!" campaign．The campaign was so successful in the United States, Pepsi translated its slogan literally for its international campaign．As it turned out, the translations weren't quite right．Pepsi was begging Germans to "Come out of the grave" and telling the Chinese that " Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave．"

       A picture's worth a thousand words

Other times, the problem involves packaging．A picture of a smiling baby has helped sell countless jars of Gerber baby food．When Gerber started selling baby food in Africa, they used the same packaging as in the US, with the smiling baby on the label．Later they learned that in African countries, the picture on the jar shows what the jar has in it, for many people there can't read．

Twist of fate

Even culture and religious factors and pure coincidence can be involved．Thorn McAn shoes have a Thorn McAn "signature" inside．To people in Bangladesh, which is a Muslim country, this signature looked like Arabic script for the world Allah．In that country, feet are considered unclean, and Muslims felt the company was offending God's name by having people walk on it．

59．From the text we learn that _____．

       A．Chevy Nova was brought in Latin America

       B．General Motors did the best market research of all companies

       C．Pepsi still sold well in China owing to the translation problems

       D．the "Come alive with Pepsi" campaign worked well in the US

60．What was Gerber's problem"?

       A．A translation problem．                      B．Cultural factor．

       C．Religious factor．                           D．The picture on the jar．

61．For what reason were Thom McAn shoes turned down in Bangladesh?

       A．They are not designed attractively．

       B．Their advertisements are not persuasive．

       C．A signature looking like the word Allah was in the shoes．

       D．Problem For Thorn McAn was the company's name．

62．What does the text mainly tell us?

       A．Lessons form some large corporations．      B．How to make use of advertisements．

       C．The importance of market research．           D．The importance of packaging．

【2011·河北邢台市一模】

SPORTSVENTS

◆BASKETBALL:

Central Sports Centre. City Road.

All Stars VS Rockets, Saturday 8:30 p. m. $12

Northerners VS Tigers, Sunday noon $14

◆AUTO RALLY:

Saturday 9:00 a.m. sharp for a 3-hour race. Canary Mountains. $7, phone 0800-5432.

Sunday 9:00 a. m. sharp. Wombak Valley. $5, phone 0800-8643.

    Keep off the routes.

◆FOOTBALL:

St Martins Sports Centre

St Martins VS Doonsberg, Saturday 2:00 p.m. $8

Eastside Central VS Light Hill, Sunday 2:00 p. m. $8

Neill Park Recreation Centre

Neill Park VS Robinson, Saturday 2:00 p. m. $11

Essen VS Springwood, Sunday 2:00 p. m. $11

◆LAWN BOWLS（草坪滚木球）：

Tans Town B. C

Tans Town VS White Vale, Saturday 9:00 p. m. $10

Wake Hill B. C

Wake Hill VS Colls, Saturday 2:00 p. m. $9

53．If you are a football fan, your first choice will be         .

       A．Neill Park Recreation Centre                 B．Tans Town B.C

       C．Wombak Valley                                    D．Central Sports Centre

54．The purpose of the passage is to let people         .

       A．take part in outdoor exercise.

       B．pay much more attention to football

       C．spend their money on these matches wisely

       D．know about the sports events happening at weekends

55．You may find this passage most probably        .

       A．on a shopping web                               B．on a notice board

       C．in a cartoon book                                 D．in a fashion magazine

56．If you have $18,you can go to watch both         .

      A．Wake Hill VS Colls and Essen VS Springwood

       B．St Matins VS Doonsberg and Northerners VS Tigers

       C．Neill Park VS Robinson and Eastside Central VS Light Hill

       D．All Stars VS Rockets and a car race in Wombak Valley

 (05·安徽D篇)

If you want to be a success, study at the University of Waikato is right for you. The university is internationally recognised for its excellence and achievements. It will help you develop advanced research skills. As a university student you can get first-class researeh facilities (设施) with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study. We pride ourselves on our high standards, our research success and our international recognition. For further information: inf@waikato.ac.nz.

Degree

We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees (学位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: deg@waikato.ac.nz. 

Tuition Fees(学费)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz. 

Accommodation(住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@waikato. ac.nz

Health

The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: heal@waikato.ac.nz.

Sports

The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@ waikato.ac.nz

68. If you want to get more information about arts, you can write to ______.

A. sport@waikato.ac.nz                     B. heal@waikato.ac.nz

C. deg@waikato.ac.nz                      D. inf@waikato.ac.nz

69. You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

A. $5,250            B. $8,000            C. $9,000           D. $11,000

70. According to the text, what will you do if you .are ill during Christmas holidays?

A. Go to a hospital nearby.                  B. Buy some medicine in a drug store.

C. See a doctor at the school medical centre.    D. Try to get help from your classmates.