We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.

So, you have to give a speech—and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheep up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.

1．The main idea of this article is       .

A．that you can improve your speaking ability   

B．that a poor speaker can never change

C．to always make a short speech     

D．that it is hard to make a speech

2．Paragraph 2 implies that         .

A．many people are afraid of giving a speech    

B．many people are happy to give a speech

C．many people don’t prepare for a speech     

D. many people talk too long

3．The phrase “talk over their heads” means         .

A．speak too loudly

B．look at the ceiling

C．look down upon them

D．use words and ideas that are too difficult

4．All of the following statements are TRUE except         .

A．few people know how to make good speeches

B．a lecturer does not need to organize his speech

C．research is important in preparing a speech

D．there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability

5．The title for this passage may be         .

A．Do Not Make a Long Speech

B．How to Give a Good Speech

C．How to prepare for a Speech

D．Try to Enjoy a speech

Theories of crime try to explain two quite different sides of the crime problem: first, why certain forms of behavior are described by society as crimes and second, what the causes of criminal behavior are. Theories about what makes up of criminal behavior have varied widely. One traditional belief is that the criminal code stands for God’s law and is independent of the will of man. In contrast, there is the modern idea that the criminal law is simply the instrument by which the ruling class maintains its power.

There is also a wide variety of explanations for the cause of crime. There is the theory that assumes that an individual choose criminal conduct of his own free will and is therefore responsible for his actions. Other theories describe the criminal more or less as a helpless individual in the grasp of biological, psychological, or social forces beyond his reason or control. Modern studies of crime often depend heavily on statistics（统计）. For example, burglaries are most associated with the poor areas of large cities.

But one thing is clear; it is that criminal behavior is connected with a great number of social, psychological, economic, political, legal, and moral factors. To search for the deciding factor of crime is a too simple action.

1．The author believes that the causes of criminal behavior are         .

A．primarily social       B．simple and direct  

C．widely varied          D．often religious

2．Laws which emphasize punishment for criminal behavior are based on the belief that         .

A．the criminal’s behavior is controlled by social factors.

B．The criminal is responsible for his behavior.

C．Crime is connected with poor urban areas.

D．There are many causes of criminal behavior

3．The modern idea that the law is a means for the ruling class to maintain its power is essentially a          .

A．political theory      B．psychological explanation

C．moral theory          D．biological explanation

Beijing’s markets will soon be flooded with more and cheaper colourful fruit such as orange mangos and green durian （榴莲） all year round.

Thanks to a new free trade agreement signed last Monday between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）， more and more tropical Southeast Asian fruit will enter the country.

The agreement means that from July 1,2005, China and ASEAN countries will begin to cut tariffs. There are about 7,000 products included in the cuts.

As global communication develops, countries are trading more and more goods with each other. When products are sold across national borders, countries put a tax on them. This type of tax is called a tariff.

Just like removing an obstacle from the path of these goods, the reduction of tariffs will encourage trade between China and ASEAN countries. It means more products and lower prices.

The agreement will bring real benefits for Chinese customers, said a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman. “In the Beijing markets you will easily find more tropical fruit like durian, which used to very, very, very expensive. Now they will be cheaper.” The current tariff rate on durian is 22 per cent but will fall to zero in 2005.

In the first 10 months of this year China did US＄84.6 billion of trade with ASEAN countries. Experts believe this may reach US＄100 billion next year.

Founded in 1967, ASEAN now includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, Viet Nam, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos.

1．A tariff is money paid          .

A．when buying goods

B．to sell or buy products of foreign brand names

C．to sell or buy goods across the border of the country

D．to go through the customs

2．Which of the following statements about the agreement is NOT true?

A．It will result in an increase in trade between China and ASEAN countries.

B．In might cause the prices of ASEAN products to fall.

C．It may greatly benefit the Chinese customers.

D．It won’t bring any benefits to producers of ASEAN countries.

3．We can infer from the story that        .

A．China lacks fruit

B．tariffs are an important factor in foreign trade

C．tropical countries have cheaper fruit

D．China prefers to trade with ASEAN countries

4．The best title for this passage is         .

A．Tariff Cut Boosts Trade

B．Best Ways To Sell Fruits

C．Tropical Fruit To China

D．China Joins ASEAN

A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the earth but in the sun; in fact, at the sun’s very center. It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the sun as billions upon billions of nuclei hydrogen atoms clash with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium（氦） in the sun every second. Thus the sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years.

The nuclear energy is released at the sun’s center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic（电磁的） radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much shorter wavelength. This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the sun, to be remitted at slightly longer wavelengths. This radiation in its turn, is absorbed and remitted. As the energy filters through the layers of solar inner, it passes through the X-ray part of the spectrum（光）, eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached what we call the solar surface, and can escape into space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the sun’s light and heat is given off in such direction that, after passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the earth.

1．What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The production of solar light and heat.

B．The physical and chemical nature of life.

C．The conversion of hydrogen to helium.

D．Radiation in the X-ray part of the spectrum.

2．The passage indicates that, in comparison to radio waves, gamma waves       .

A．produce louder sound

B．are less magnetic

C．do not form in the sun’s center

D．are not so long

3．According to the passage, through which of the following does the energy released in the sun pass before it becomes light?

A．The X-ray part of the spectrum

B．Electromagnetic space.

C．The solar surface.

D．Interplanetary space.

下面是一篇杂志文章，请将标有A—F的段落插入文章中标号为1—5的合适位置，使这篇文章意义完整，结构连贯；其中有一个段落是多余的。

Every year more and more plants and animals disappear never to be seen again.

     1    

Every day, thousands of species of animals draw closer to extinction. There are countless numbers of species which may become extinct before they are even discovered.

    2    

The problem is acid rain. Acid rain. Acid rain is a kind of air pollution.

    3    

The rain in many places isn’t natural and clean any more. It’s full of acid chemicals.     4    

But dead fish may be just the beginning of the problem. Scientists are finding other effects of acid rain.

     5    

Now scientists are also beginning to study the effects of acid rain on larger animals. For example, they believe that some deer in Poland are less healthy because of acid rain. If deer are hurt by the rain, what about people? This is the question many people are beginning to ask. No one knows the answer yet. But it is an important question for us all.

A．Seldom does it rain and there is little fresh water here for the fish. A series of development projects has destroyed the natural environment. Waste of different kinds can be seen here and there. This has caused serious problem for fish and other animals living around.

B．In some large areas trees are dying. Not just one tree here and there, but whole forests. At first scientists coundn’t understand why. There were no bugs（虫） or diseases in these trees. The weather was not dry. But now they think that the rain was the cause. Acid rain is making the earth more acidic in these areas. Some kinds of trees cannot live in the soil that is very acidic.

C．When it falls in lakes, it changes them too. The lakes become more acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it gets in your eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live in lake water. That is why the fish are dying in lakes.

D．It is caused by factories that burn coal or oil or gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories.  Some of the harmful substances in the smoke may come down with the rain hundreds of miles away.

E．Strangely, it is the most intelligent but most thoughtless animal that is causing most of the problems-man. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed, animals can disappear surprisingly fast.

F．In many lakes the fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there are fewer fish and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get worried too. What is killing

听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What time does the conversation take place?

A. Christmas.               B. Rush hour.               C. Spring.

2. Who is the woman mostly like to be?

A. Mr. Black's boss.     B. Mr. Black's secretary.      C. Mr. Black's wife.

3. What does the woman mean?

A. It’s the clerk who should make the copies.

B. The man should make the copies himself.

C. She will make the copies for the man.

4. What do they say about the restaurant?

A. It's the best place to eat in.

B. They are disappointed in its recent change.

C. They like it all the time.

5. What is happening outside?

A. It is raining slightly.   B. It is raining heavily.      C. It is shining.

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第1段材料，回答第1和第2题。

1. What do the two speakers both want to do in the coming new year?

   A. To save some money.   苑B. To work harder.        C. To lose weight.

2. What did Henry do last year?

   A. He joined a health club.  B. He stopped smoking.   C. He got a good job.

听第2段材料，回答第3至第5题。

3. Why did the man talk to the woman?

A. He wanted to buy a house. B. He wanted to get a job. C. He wanted to rent a flat.

4. What is the flat the man is interested in?

A. It has a bathroom and one bedroom.  

B. It has two bedrooms and a sitting room.

C. It has a kitchen but it hasn't a bathroom.

5. How much will the man pay for the biggest one each year?

A. 3,600 dollars.           B. 2,400 dollars.       C. 3,000 dollars.

听第3段材料，回答第6至第8题。

6. Where are they planning to go in the morning?

A. To a park.            B. To an art museum.         C. To a shopping center.

7. Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon?

A. The zoo will be closed the rest of the week.

B. The zoo is free to visitors that day only.

C. There are unusual animals on display.

8. Why does the woman want to go shopping instead?

A. She wants to buy souvenirs of their visit.

B. She saw some nice clothes at a shopping center.

C. She wants to buy a gift for her friend.

听第4段材料，回答第9至第11题。

9. Where does the dialogue take place?

A. At the airport.         B. In a railway英才苑station.     C. In a restaurant.

10. What's the woman's baggage number?

A. 703-9962.           B. 703-9926.               C. 703-1926.

11. What time might it probably be when the dialogue took place?

A. In the morning.         B. At noon.                    C. In the afternoon.

听第5段材料，回答第12至第15题。

12. How did the speaker's friends feel about his change of interest?

A. They were very glad about it.

B. They were afraid he wasn't fully prepared.

C. They were puzzled by his decision.

13. Why did the speaker change his interest to underwater exploration?

A. It is much cheaper than space travel.

B. It is much safer than space travel.

C. It is more exciting than space travel.

14. In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel?

A. They both attract scientists' attention.

B. They are both expensive.

C. They can both be quite challenging.

15. Why does the speaker give this talk?

A. To explain the danger of exploring space.

B. To explain why he took up underwater exploration.

C. To show how simple diving can be

I love ____ history because it gives me ____ knowledge of past events.

A. the; a       B a; a      C /; a      D. /; /   

Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better _________ the school in case it starts to rain.

A. run out　　　    B. bring up　　　   C. refer to　　　   D. head for

The first edition was published in1955 and _____ a best-seller ever since.

A. had been    B. will be     C. would be         D has been