Throughout history ,the language        by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.

A．speaking   B．spoken      C．to speak    D．to be spoken

        we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled.

A．What        B．Which      C．Whether   D．That

The story of the homeless orphan has        sympathy from the public.

A．aroused    B．attracted   C．defended   D．adopted

Food safety is         important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution.

A．highly       B．reasonably        C．strongly    D．naturally

Every ton of this recycled paper uses 90 litres of water in its        .

A．structure   B．manufacture     C．construction     D．organization

Some people maintain that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of     behavior and crime in society.

A．childish     B．artificial    C．aggressive        D．heroic

       I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple,    1    revolutionary.——combining ,a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and    2   activities such as music ,painting, gardening, and    3   for the pets which the residents are encouraged to keep .In the afternoons ,the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children ,and    4   a child is feeling sad or tired ,there is always somebody attending to him. There are trips out and birthday parties ,too.

       The   5   are enormous for everyone concerned .The children are happy because they get a lot more individual   6   and respond well because someone has time for them. They also learn that old people are not “different” or frightening in    7   way. And of course ,they see illness and death and learn to   8  them. The residents are happy because they feel   9   and needed .They are more active and more interested in life when the children are around and they take more interest in their appearance too. And the staff are happy because they see an improvement in the    10   and psychological health or the residents and have an army of assistants to help with the children.

1．A．or                         B．so                       C．nor                     D．but

2．A．share                    B．examine               C．control                D．engage

3．A．asking                   B．sending               C．caring                 D．looking

4．A．though                  B．because               C．unless                 D．if

5．A．advantages            B．actions                C．difficulties           D．comforts

6．A．thought                 B．attention              C．rest                     D．freedom

7．A．no                        B．any                     C．another               D．the

8．A．value                    B．admit                  C．accept                 D．overcome

9．A．useful                   B．faithful                C．powerful             D．skillful

10．A．normal               B．public                  C．economic           D．physical

The latest reform in testing is the computerized test. Test questions and answer choices are presented on the   1  and students can answer with a tap of the keyboard or a click of the mouse. Before the actual test begins ,there usually is an instruction showing how to use the computer  to  2  the questions. Scores are displayed on the screen at the end of the test so that a student has immediate feedback  3  having to return several days later for results.

Some computerized tests are “adaptive”. This means that a test question is selected from a large pool of items based on how the test taker has responded to the   4  question. The first question presented is of medium difficulty. If the test taker answers  5  , the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier. The computer   6  questions by level of difficulty and many other factors, such as sex, race and age references, subject area the question is drawn from, and form of question, before presenting it on the screen. In this way, the questions are “adapted” to find the true skill   7  of the test taker.

Among all the conveniences of computerized testing, there are some   8  . No longer can you have a quick look at the   9  test, answer the easy questions first, and come back later to finish the difficult ones. Test items are presented one at a time, and you must choose an answer in order to move on to the next question. On adaptive tests, once you have confirmed your answer, you cannot go back to   10 it if, later on, you realize that your answer was wrong.

1．A．screen                  B．paper                  C．board                  D．surface

2．A．put aside               B．concentrate on     C．respond to           D．apply to

3．A．other than             B．rather than           C．regardless of        D．as to

4．A．previous                B．basic                   C．following             D．single

5．A．briefly                   B．smartly                C．correctly             D．thoughtfully

6．A．classifies               B．answers              C．considers            D．recognizes

7．A．standard                B．factor                  C．pattern                D．level

8．A．qualities                B．limits                   C．services              D．features

9．A．formal                  B．objective              C．final                    D．entire

10．A．identify              B．exchange             C．change              D．overlook

One night, Mrs. Riley, an elderly woman, was walking along a dark, London street. She was carrying her handbag in one hand and a plastic carrier bag in the other. There was nobody else in the street except two youths. They were standing in a dark shop doorway. One of them was very tall with fair hair, the other was short and fat with a beard.

The youths waited for a few moments, and then ran quickly and quietly towards Mrs. Riley. The tall youth held her from behind while the other youth tried to seize her handbag.

Suddenly, Mrs. Riley threw the tall youth over her shoulder. He crashed into the other youth and they both landed on the ground. Without speaking, Mrs. Riley struck both of them on the head with her handbag, and walked calmly away.

The two surprised youths were still sitting on the ground when Mrs. Riley crossed the street towards a door with a lighted sign above it. Mrs. Riley paused, turned round, smiled at the youths and walked into the South West London Judo(柔道) Club.

1．The two youths were standing in a dark shop doorway because ________.

       A．they had nothing to do                          B．they were homeless

       C．they were waiting for a victim               D．they were guarding the shop

2．What did Mrs. Riley do to the two youths?

       A．She hurt them seriously.                       B．She taught them a lesson.

       C．She reported them to the police.            D．She sent them to a judo club.

3．The story tells about an elderly woman who ___________.

       A．went shopping at night                         B．was on her way home

       C．had just left a shopping center            D．had a skill of self-defence

Small discoveries in Indonesia are causing a stir in the science world. Researchers have unearthed(挖掘) tiny bones that they believe belong to an entirely new human species. If that’s true, it will change how we think about our ancestors.

Clues that the little people may have lived long ago were first revealed last year in the scientific journal Nature. Scientists said that they had found the bones of a three-foot-tall female on the island of Flores, in Indonesia. When they looked more closely, they saw that the nearly complete skeleton(骨骼) belonged to a full-grown adult. Researchers named her Hobbit, after the tiny heroes of the Lord of the Rings books.

Now the team is saying it has unearthed even more pieces of the puzzle, including a jawbone and parts of arms, legs and hands form several individuals, as well as stone tools. They reported their find in Nature this month. “The new evidence makes it very clear that these people are a new species, distinct from modern humans,” Peter Brown, a scientist on the team, said. They named these ancient humans Homo floresiensis.

Brown says that these little people lived as recently as 12,000 years ago. If Homo floresiensis was a different species from modern humans, that would make our family tree bigger than we knew. It means, says Brown, that “until recently, a relative shared the planet with us.”

Many scientists think a new species is unlikely. Some argue that the bones must have belonged to modern humans whose small size was the result of a genetic problem.

Daniel E. Lieberman, a scientist at Harvard University, thinks that the debate over the discovery is healthy. He believes that the questions and arguments raised by critics will help us learn more about these unusual skeletons. “Disagreement is an important part of the scientific process,” Lieberman said. “As far as I’m concerned, the story’s only just begun.”

1．Researchers name the skeleton Hobbit because ________.

       A．it is a figure described in the Lord of the Rings

       B．it resembles the tiny heroes in a set of books

       C．it proves to be a full – grown adult

       D．it belongs to ancient human species

2．Small discoveries in Indonesia are important because         .

       A．they are revealed in the scientific journal Nature

       B．they are made by Peter Brown, a famous scientist

       C．they are about ancestors of modern humans

       D．they might provide new evidence for human study

3．According to Daniel E. Lieberman,          .

       A．Homo floresiensis doesn’t exist             B．disagreement leads to further research

       C．the investigation hasn’t begun yet          D．our family tree is bigger than we knew

4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

       A．Comparison between Different Peoples

       B．Arguments over Human Origin

       C．Discovery of a Possible New Human Species

       D．History of Indonesian People