In many parts of the world，cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them．So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe．But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by ear manufacturers．

The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program．The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized，which will mean much saving，no accidents and better use of roads，The super-intelligent car of the 21^st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual．Instead，we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing．

According to Dr．David Davis，who leads the research team，these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture，which had blocked up our cities，polluted our air, and caused more deaths than both world wars put together．

Davis says，cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices to regulate the distance between one car and another．The car will automatically speed up，or slow down，to match the speed of the car in front．Computers are much safer drivers than people，so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people．

By 2010，Dr．David Davis believes，car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road，whatever the weather conditions，by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen．And by 2020，cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically．Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”．“The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount．”says Davis．‘‘ But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount，and so produce about ten percent of the pollution．’’

1．We know from the passage that governments and car manufacturers_______．

      A．consider the predictions seriously

      B．are devoted to the technological revolution in car industry

      C．do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020

      D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production

2．Which of the following will be the characteristic of the cars of 2020?

      A．The car will speed up out of control．

      B．We will own as many cars as we want．

C，All cars will be driven by computers．

      D．Cars will produce more pollution than present ones．

3．The leader of the research team believes that the present car culture will change because ________．

    A．cars play a very important role in daily life

      B．many societies would stop functioning without cars

      C．cars should not be owned by one individual

      D．it causes many deaths to human society

4． The expression closest in meaning to the phrase “in convoy” in the last paragraph is________．

      A．in line                                                B．sidelong

C．side by side                                         D．shoulder to shoulder

5．What will happen if cars are joined to each other electronically in 2020?

      A．Motorists will get a clear view of the road．

      B．There will be less pollution caused by car.

      C．The weather condition will not have effect on motorists．

      D．All trains will burn less fuel than present．

The unwanted disturbing of a mobile phone ringing at a critical moment has led to some famously strong reactions．

      British actor Richard Grif-fiths，stopped a performance at the National Theatre and ordered The offending party to leave．

      Judge Robert Restaino went considerably further．He was hearing a session of domestic violence offenders in a court when proceedings were interrupted by rings of a phone．

      “Everyone is going to jail unless I get that instrument now,” he shouted．

      Over the next two hours，the judge entered what a state commission concluded was a period of “incredible madness”．He began by ordering the doors of the court locked，and set the officers to searching for the phone．

      When that failed to find the offending item he ordered each of the defendants present in the room up to his bench and in turn asked them if they had no idea, he sent each in turn to jail.

All 46 of them．

    When a defendant protested the judge’s actions were not fair to those who didn’t possess the phone，Restaino replied：“I know it isn’t．

    Judge’s actions caused chaos．Extra officers had to be drafted into the court to control the crowd．and booking officers at the city jail were at foil stretch．“We were playing Twister in here”, one said at the time．

Fourteen of the defendants were shackled in irons and sent to the county jail．

     The judge cooled off and later that afternoon released all 46．

     The “two hours of viral lunacy（疯狂）”, has probably cost Restaino his job．The commission ruled that he should be removed from his$14,000 job．Restaino now has 30 days to appeal．

     His lawyer pointed out that until that moment he had served 11 years as a judge without any disciplinary issues．“With the exception of two hours．his record is spotless．”

1．The underlined sentence in the passage means ________．

      A．we are just playing games

B．we are struggling to control the crisis here

      C．we can hardly survive the crisis

D．we’re searching casually

2．Why is British actor Richard mentioned?

    A．To indicate the disadvantage of mobile phone．

    B．To scold the misusage of mobile phone．

    C．To provide an excuse for Richard’s offence．

    D．To support the opinion above．

3．Two hours of viral lunacy will_______．

      A．make Robert pay a large sum of money                              

       B．make no difference to Robert

      C．most likely make Robert lose his job                                   

       D．make him world famous

4．What’s the best title of the passage?

      A．Phone-rage judge                              B．Judge，prisoner and mobile phone

      C．The story in court                             D．Mobile phone in court

5．From the passage we can find_______．

A．Robert is always challenging the disciplines

B．Robert is now in jail

C．judge is not a well-paid job

D．all the defendants didn’t follow Robert’s instructions willingly

Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．

      Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好战分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（证词） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辩护） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．

      Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．

      In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（药品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．

1．_______plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．

A．Huntingdon Life Sciences                   B．Improvement in technologies

C．Animal-fights militants                       D．Scientists Alan and Thomas

2．Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_______．

      A．animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing

      B．animals should enjoy equal rights with human beings

      C．animals should live wildly and freely

      D．we should protect animals from being killed casually

3．From the passage，we can find ________．

      A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly

      B．animal substitutes are not preferable

      C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing

      D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused

4．What’s the main idea of the passage?

      A．Saving animals and people．

      B．The new trend in toxicology testing．

      C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature．

      D．New technology changes the fate of animals．

5．The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is _______．

A．arbitrary                                          B．pessimistic       

C．indifferent                              D．optimistic

阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）

LONDON—Middle age is miserable for many, according to a study using data from 80 countries showing that depression （a feeling of sadness and hopelessness） is most common among men and women in their 40s．

      The British and U．S．researchers found that happiness for people in 72 countries ranging from Albania to Zimbabwe follows a U-shaped curve（曲线）：Life begins cheerful before turning tough during middle age and then returning to the joys of youth in the golden years．

      “For the average persons in the modern world，the dip in mental health and happiness comes on slowly, not suddenly in a single year,’’ Andrew Oswald at Britain’s Warwick University, who co-led the study, said．“Only in their 50s do people emerge from this low period．”

      About eight nations---mostly in the developing world—did not follow the U-shaped pattern for happiness levels，Oswald and his colleague David Blanchflower of Dartmouth College in the United States wrote．

“It happens to men and women，to single and married people，to rich and poor, and to those with and without children,” Oswald said．“Nobody knows why we see this consistency．’’

One possibility may be that people realize they won’t achieve many of their ambitions at middle age，the researchers said．

      Another reason could be that after seeing their fellow middle-aged peers begin to die，people begin to_________ and embrace（拥抱）life once more，researchers speculated．

      The study’s findings generally reflect previous research that shows people gain a sense of satisfaction as they age，said Laura L．Carstensen，director of the Center on Longevity at Stanford University．

      “Shrinking time horizons tend to change people’s goats．”she said．“We predict that people will experience more emotional satisfaction as they age．”

1．What is the best title of the passage? ﹝Please answer within 10 words．﹞

___________________________________________________________________________

2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

      At the beginning people are happy, then people are in low spirits in their middle age but happy again as they age．

___________________________________________________________________________

3．Please fill in the blank in the seventh paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the

sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）

___________________________________________________________________________

4．What are the possible ways to fight against depression?（Please answer within 30 words,）

___________________________________________________________________________

5．Translate the last paragraph into Chinese．

___________________________________________________________________________

有统计资料显示，今年春节期间，全国发送短信170亿条，有关短信拜年用“原创”还是“克隆”的争论很多，一种观点怀疑“克隆短信”拜年的真诚度，另一种观点则与之相反，认为不管短信是否是原创，祝福也一样真诚。请结合这一现象，用英语写一篇120—150字的短文，发表你的看法。

注：短信text message

Frank studied _____English language in London for four years, so he gets ____ good knowledge of London.

A. a; the                  B. / ; /             C. / ; a              D. the; a

Zunhua is one of the famous tourism destinations, _____ lies Dongling, a group of the Qing Imperial Tombs.

A. 20 miles northwest of it              B. 20 miles northwest of which

C. northwest 20 miles to it              D. northwest 20 miles of which

Through the reform, the economic situation of China ______ much better than it used to be.

A. turned into           B. turned off         C. turned to         D. turned out

She had experienced many hardships _______their journeys, but she was amazed at the sight of the beautiful scene.

A. in view of             B. in terms of                   C. in the case of           D. in the course of

---I wonder why he ______ so strangely these days.

---Recent pressure at study may account for his behavior.

A. was acting                 B. acted            C. is acting          D. acts