Nearly everyone was very much against motor cars when they first appeared．So the government found a very clever way to try and drive them off the roads.

   Back in 1861, a previous government had passed a law about the heavy steam vehicles which were beginning to crawl about the roads of Britain．This law said that no vehicle should go more than 10 miles an hour in the country and 5 miles an hour in town．Four years later these speed limits were reduced to 4 and 2 m.p.h, and a man with a red flag had to walk in front to warn people of the danger．

   This law applied to ordinary cars, too, and the police started to arrest drivers who broke the speed limit and didn't have a man with a red flag．Of course, it made the idea of motor cars seem quite ridiculous．But this law was stopped in 1878 and the speed limit was raised to the frightening speed of 14 m.p.h, in 1896．A special race was held from London to Brighton to celebrate this victory for the motor car industry．The London-Brighton Veteran Car Run is still held every November to mark this event．Only cars made before 1905 may take part．In the first rally there were no more than 33 entrants, and only 22 of them finished the course．Nowadays, so many old cars apply to go on the run that the organizers have had to restrict the entry.

   Early motorists had to carry their own spare parts and do their own repairs．If they had a real breakdown, the only chance of getting anywhere was to borrow a horse and hitch it to the front of the car!

1．What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?

       A．The heavy steam vehicles appeared as early as 1861.

       B．No one liked motor cars when they first appeared.

       C．The British government tried to do away with motor cars.

       D．The first car drivers had to pay attention to the speed limits.

2．What does the underlined “it” in the third paragraph refer to?

       A．The law．          B．The speed limit． C．A red flag．         D．The government.

3．According to the passage, the following is true EXCEPT _______.

       A．The cars were allowed to run faster in 1861 than they were in 1865

       B．Motor cars were not popular when they first appeared

       C．The London-Brighton Veteran Car Run has become more popular

       D．The law was stopped in 1896 and a special race was held to celebrate it

4．If the car had a very serious mechanical problem on the road, most probably the early motorists would __________.

       A．abandon their cars                    B．find some friends to help

       C．repair the car with spare parts            D．use an animal to finish their journey

1．Both the printing companies ______.

       A．are well-known all over the world

       B．require at least three years’ experience

       C．offer excellent pay and sick pay

       D．prefer to hire a male manager

2．According to the first advertisement, an applicant living in a small village will ______.

     A．get the result on TV    

       B．be interviewed in a city

     C．write to Box 3526 to get more information

     D．get in touch with Personnel Manager by telephone

3．We can infer from the two advertisements that ______.

     A．applicants should write to the company first

     B．cars are necessary for the successful applicants

     C．the companies haven’t got telephones to save money

     D．the companies want to do business in Europe and Far East

4．We know from the advertisements that _______.

     A．the well-known printing company is to build a plant in the Far East

     B．the well-known printing company is to hire an assistant to the Print Production Manager

     C．the internationally recognized printing company wants an assistant to the Print Production Manager

     D．the internationally recognized printing company offers 4 weeks’ holiday a year and a company car

The British National Health Service（NHS） was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country．Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.

Nowadays the central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities．About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work．There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.

Most people are registered with a local doctor （a GP, or general practitioner） who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.

As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital．NHS hospital — many of which were built in the nineteenth century — provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff．The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.

During the 1980s, there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services （for example, cleaning）．At the end of the 1980s, the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients．Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility．The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.

1．We know from the first paragraph that ______.

       A．patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948

       B．people didn’t have to pay for health care before the NHS was set up

       C．the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers

       D．the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody

2．What do we know about the NHS?

       A．It’s managed by the central government.

       B．It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.

       C．Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.

       D．Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.

3．All the following statements about GPs are true EXCEPT that they ______.

       A．take care of the local people’s health

       B．have more responsibilities than before

       C．work under high pressure nowadays

       D．often take part in competitions to see who is the best

4．The underlined word “exempt” probably means ______.

       A．suffering         B．different          C．prevented           D．free

A black hole is created when a large star burns out．Like our sun, stars are unbelievably hot furnaces （熔炉） that burn their own matter as fuel．When most of the fuel is used up, the star begins to die.

The death of a star is not a quiet event．First there is a huge explosion．As its outer layer is blasted off into space, the dying star shines as brightly as a billion suns.

After the explosion, gravity pulls in what’s left of the star．As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller．The material the star is made of becomes tightly packed together．A star is so dense that a teaspoon of matter from it weighs billions of pounds.

The more the star shrinks, the stronger the gravity inside it becomes．Soon the star is very tiny, and the gravity pulling it in is unbelievably strong．In fact, the gravity is so strong that it even pulls light into the star! Since all the light is pulled in, none can go out．The star becomes black when there is no light．Then a black hole is born!

That’s what we know about black holes．What we don’t know is this : What happens inside a black hole after the star has been squeezed into a tiny ball? Does it keep getting smaller and smaller forever? Such a possibility is hard to imagine.

But if the black hole doesn’t keep shrinking, what happens to it? Some scientists think black holes are like doorways to another world．They say that as the star disappears from our universe, it goes into another universe．In other words, a black hole in our universe could turn into a “white hole” in a different universe．As the black hole swallows light, the white hole shines brightly — somewhere else．But where? A different place, perhaps, or a different time  — many years in the past or future.

Could you travel through a black hole? Right now, no．Nothing we know of could go into a black hole without being crushed．So for the time being, the black hole must remain a mystery.

    Black holes are a mystery — but that hasn’t stopped scientists from dreaming about them．One scientist suggested that in the future we might make use of the power of black holes．They would supply all of Earth’s energy needs, with plenty to spare．Another scientist wondered if a black hole would some day be used to swallow earthly waste — a sort of huge waste disposal（处理） unit in the sky！

1．When the star begins to die, ______

       A．there is no fuel left in it                   B．its outer layer goes into space first

       C．a huge explosion will happen               D．it doesn’t give off light any longer

2．Which of the following doesn’t help produce a black hole?

       A．The gravity inside the star is very strong．

       B．The light can’t go out of the star.

       C．The star becomes smaller and smaller．

       D．The dying star shines very brightly.

3．The black hole ______.

       A．continues becoming smaller and smaller all the time

       B．goes into another universe and becomes a white hole

       C．can pull in everything we know of in the world

       D．will appear at another place at a different time

4．The best title for this passage is _______.

       A．What Are Black Holes

       B．Travel through a Black Hole

       C．How Do Black Holes Come into Being

       D．A New Scientific Discovery: Black Holes

Online advertising is simply advertising that is done over the Internet．For those interested in such a strategy, there are a number of options and some have found a way to advertise online through things that do not appear to be traditional advertising mediums．While the effects of online advertising are still being studied, it is a rapidly-growing segment of the advertising dollar.

As more people turn to the Internet as a source for daily news, socialization and communication, more advertising dollars are likely to be spent．In fact, in a period of five years, from 2006 to 2010, online advertising is expected to increase from 6 percent of all money spent for advertising, to 12 percent or more．That could signify the beginning of a fundamental shift in how all advertising dollars are spent.

Online advertising is also quickly becoming a serious force for other types of advertising media to deal with．Newspapers and magazines all over the world are facing a number of different challenges, including loss of ad revenue．Many attribute some of those struggles to online advertising, which is not only taking a share of the advertising, but a share of the audience as well．This is especially true of the young adult male audience, which is a target demographic of many advertisers.

   However, newspapers and magazines are not the only media dealing with lower revenue．The remarkable thing about online advertising is its ability to cut across the range．For example, online ads can look like television commercials on print ads．The possibilities are limitless．Further, because of hypertext（超文本） linking, advertisers have the power to transport potential buyers directly to their site, or a site selling their products.

In some cases, online advertising may not look like advertising at all．There was one case where a video was put on an online video sharing web site supposedly showing popcorn being popped by radiation put out from mobile phones．While this was later revealed as a hoax, the company that put the video online received a substantial amount of free, or nearly free, publicity．The company sold headset devices meant to help limit an individual’s exposure to radiation.

    is no pay unless there are results．With click-through advertising, the advertiser only pays if a user clicks on the ad．This type of strategy can make advertising very cost effective, especially for those who do not have large advertising budgets.

1．Suppose a total of 20 million pounds is spent on advertising industry in 2010, then about _____ million pounds goes to online advertising.

       A．1.2                     B．2.4                     C．3.6                  D．4.8

2．Online advertising is more favorable than other types of advertising in that ______.

       A．it is more cost effective

       B．it can appear in different forms, such as print ads or television commercial

       C．the Internet has become an essential part of our daily life

       D．all of the above

3．In paragraph 5, the author uses popcorn as an example to ______.

       A．show that popcorn is a kind of junk food

    B．prove that online advertising can achieve the expected result without looking like advertising

    C．indicate that radiation from mobile phones are harmful to our health

    D．persuade people to reduce exposure to radiation 

4．The passage mainly deals with ______.

       A．an attempt to introduce online advertising

       B．the unusual success of online advertising

       C．the important role of online advertising in our daily life

       D．the fact that online advertising has become a threat to other types of advertising

read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading, which you do not need.

1．If you suddenly received a lot of money, how would you spend it? For the people of Tuvalu, a tiny state comprising nine islands in the South Pacific, something unusual happened．In 1999, Tuvalu, with its population of 11,000, was the third poorest state in the world．Later, Tuvalu received a domain name on the Internet — “.tv.” A communication company from California quickly offered to buy the domain name for $40 million．The islanders became very rich.

2．At the same time, the islanders received some very bad news．Due to global warming, and because the islands are only 3m above sea level, Tuvalu will probably become the first state in the world to disappear under the sea．According to scientific estimates, the islands will suffer severe floods within the next 15 to 20 years, and by the end of the century, the islands will have disappeared from sight altogether.

3．You can already see signs of the rising sea on Tuvalu．Pools of seawater appear here and there, some beaches are swallowed by the waves, and the roots of trees are rotting by the ocean．The rain cause temporary floods.

4．But despite these problems, the Tuvaluans had their new money．Paul Lindsay, a documentary film-maker, went all the way to Tuvalu, and came back with an incredible story．As the water rises, the Tuvaluans are using the money to develop the land that is soon to disappear．They are building new houses, planning nightclubs, restaurants and hotels, and new cars are driving around on new roads．“Just because we are sinking, it doesn’t mean we don’t want to raise our standards of living.” Lindsay was told by Sam Teo, Tuvalu’s minister for natural resources.

5．Of the $40 million Tuvalu received through the Internet deal, $10 million was used to asphalt the islands’ 9km of roads．Before 1999 there were four cars on the islands．The Tuvaluans used to walk or cycle everywhere．There was a flood of imported foods and goods and soon these had unexpected consequences．The Tuvaluan people now suffer from diseases such as obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes．Others discovered that it was too expensive for them to keep their cars．There is now a huge rubbish dump in the middle of this tropical paradise, covered with abandoned cars and other waste.

下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：

1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改l0处，多者（从第ll处起）不计分。

3．修改时如有格式错误不得分！

There’s an old man in our village calling Old Joe who is said to be 110 years old．This can’t be proved though he doesn’t have a birth certificate．All his personal papers are destroyed during World WarⅡ．I don’t know if he really is that old, and it doesn’t matter．He certainly looks very old．Of course, he is often asked question by people who want to be told the secret of long life．Old Joe always answers them for like this, “ If you are offered cigarette, never receive it; if you are annoyed by someone, never lose his temper; and if you are asked foolishly questions, never answer them.”

近年来，在大学新生入学时，媒体对“父母护送子女上学”的现象作了一些报道，引发了许多讨论，赞同和不赞同的声音都有。假如某英语报记者对你进行采访，征求你对这些现象的看法，请你根据下表提示，用英语写一篇短文，表达自己的观点，并说明理由。

注意：

1．只能选择写一种观点，赞同或不赞同；除提示外还可适当增加你认为重要的理由。

2．短文开头已分别给出，请把所选的开头句子抄写下来，然后接着写。开头句子不计入总分。

3．词数：120 左右

参考词汇：新生 freshman

赞同

I think it’s normal and understandable for parents to accompany their children to college

不赞同

I don’t think it’s necessary for parents to accompany their children to college

— What about ______ lecture you attended yesterday?

— To tell the truth, it was too boring．I can't stand ______ lecture like that．

A．a; the           B．the; a          C．the; 不填            D．the; the

— ______the bike be repaired by him?

—No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired．

A．Will; has                                      B．Shall; had

C．Should; have                                D．Can; has