The changing food of early humans.

 

Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.

Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.

In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.

Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.

 

Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?

 

Main comparisons

Contexts

__1__ are changing

In the past people put caring, sharing  and generosity in the first ____2____.

Nowadays, people seem to be more ____3____about themselves.

___4___are changing too.

People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让的).

People may strive to achieve their own __5___ at the price of their coworkers.

The author’s  understanding

___6____ for the changes in author’s eyes

Fierce __7___ and great __8___on modern people may be responsible for the changes.

The author’s ___9____towards topic

A relationship which can ___10___ two sides should be established.

 

Botany, the study of plants, plays a strange role in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was one field about which humans had little knowledge. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age Ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exists, a detailed learning of plants and their properties(特征)must be very ancient. This is reasonable. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been greatly important to the good of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, medicines, housing, and a great many other purposes. Tribes(部落)living today in the woods of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.

Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct relation with plants, and the less clear our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on a surprising amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose or an apple. When our New Stone Age ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10 000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer production the next season, the first great step in a new connection of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: planted crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the collected knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relations with plants in the wild would begin to disappear.

 

67. Which of the following assumptions(假设)about early humans is expressed in the passage?

A. They probably had wide knowledge of plants.

B. They clearly divided knowledge into separate fields

C. They did not enjoy the study of botany.

D. They placed great importance on ownership of property.

68.According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany decreased?

A.        People no longer value plants as a useful resource.

B.        Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science.

C.        Research is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants.

D.       Direct relation with a variety of plants has decreased.

69. In paragraph 2, the underlined word “marvel” is closest in meaning to _____.

A. edge      B. sign      C. beginning      D. wonder

70. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?

A.   The invention of agriculture tools and machines.

B.   The development of a system of names for plants.

C.   The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted.

Read the postcards and choose the best answer for each question.

Bikaner 13/1/2007

Dear Youming,

Have arrived in Bikaner leaving Delhi behind us. Unfortunately there just wasn’t enough time to see everything in only four days. Outside Bikaner’s city walls are miles of desert wilderness. Tomorrow I look forward to exploring the wall itself. The sandstone architecture is said to be incredible. We are also going to take a camel ride through some of the desert. Can you picture me on a camel? I’ll make sure that I have lots of photographs taken. After three days here the next stop is Jaipur.

Love,

Lisa

Delhi 8/1/2007

Dear Mum and Dad,

We have just arrived in India and are in the bustling and exciting city of Delhi. This morning we visited the Red Fort. There we found magnificent palaces, mosques and splendid buildings. I could have spent hours there. This afternoon, amongst other things, we visited the India Gate---a memorial for Indian soldiers lost at war earlier this century. The gates were the largest I have ever seen.

Wish you were here,

Lisa

21/1/2007

Dear Jinao,

So far so good. Once we arrived in Agra, we went straight to the Taj Mahal. I have never seen anything so wonderful. They said that it would look something like Humuyan’s Tomb(Delhi)and it does! There really is nothing more amazing than the brilliant white of the Taj shimmering in the daylight. Apparently the pollution poses a real threat to it. We really covered a great deal in three days here.

It’s been an amazing experience and I’m sorry that we’ll be flying home this evening.

Bye for now.

Lisa

Jaipur 17/1/2007

Dear Libing,

I am writing from the Johari bazaar in Jaipur. This is a wonderful jewellery market. I’ve found all sorts of intriguing treasures. This morning we visited the Hawa Mahal,”The palace of the Winds”. It is the most incredible structure. The façade of the palace is all windows and filigree screens. Yesterday we visited the City Palace and the Jantar Mantar. After two days here, the next stop is Agra where I look forward to visiting the fort and the Taj.

See you soon,

Lisa

 

63. The order in which Lisa visited the cities is ______.

A.      Delhi, Bikaner, Agra, Jaipur

B.      Delhi, Bikaner, Jaipur, Agra

C.      Jaipur, Bikaner, Agra, Delhi

D.     Bikaner, Delhi, Jaipur, Agra

64. According to the postcards, which of the following statements is TRUE? Lisa _______.

A. was hesitant about going on a camel ride

B. visited the Hawa Mahal and the City Palace on the same day.

C. did not have the opportunity to visit the India Gate

D. did not get to see as much of Delhi as she would have liked

65. The aspect of the Taj Mahal that impressed Lisa the most was its ________.

A. colour        B. shape          C. location     D. size

66. The postcards from Lisa about her trip to India indicate that ______.

A. she plans to return to India some day soon

B. the hotels she stayed in had excellent service

C. the people she met in India were friendly

D. she thoroughly enjoyed her trip

For most Chinese university students, the US is a favorite destination for further education. But apart from obstacles such as the GRE and TOEFL exams, choosing a good graduate school is no easy task.

Admission is very competitive for international students, so it is important to apply to a number of institutions to have a reasonable chance of acceptance.

Since the application to most universities requires a certain fee, Chinese students usually choose seven to 17 universities according to their own financial circumstances.

Wang Yuwei, a Zhejiang University graduate, sent applications to 15 US universities.

When the 24-year-old began looking for a US graduate school in her senior year, she took time to compare the various schools and find the ones most suiting her needs. Now, studying at the University of Washington, she knows that her hard work paid off.

“To broaden your chances, at least one third of the applications should be to less selective schools,” said Wang. “Applicants shouldn’t limit their choices to the most famous institutions.”

Furthermore, one shouldn’t rely on too much on college rankings such as the Gorman Report or US News & World Report’s annual league tables.

The right school is the one that best meets your own personal needs and interests, rather than someone else’s assessment of an institution’s prestige(声望).

“Usually choices are based on one’s personal interests and academic background, but it is important to make sure that your chosen subject is satisfied,” said Wang.

 

59.The author believes that the right school is the one that _____.

A.   has the best location

B.   best meets one’s own personal needs and interests

C.   best meets one’s assessment of an institution’s prestige

D.  offers good living conditions

60. According to this passage, what can we judge?

A.   More and more students will go abroad for their further education.

B.   Choosing a good graduate school is a piece of cake.

C.   To go abroad for further education, you must pass the GRE or TOTEL.

D.  To get a better chance to go abroad, you‘d better apply to a less selective school.

61. In the passage the writer uses the example of Wang Yuwei to show ______.

A.   you must spend a lot of time comparing the various schools

B.   it isn’t worthwhile to spend time looking for the right university

C.   it is necessary to find the suitable university that meets your personal interests

D.  one’s own financial circumstances is worth considering

62. What will be continued after this passage?

A.   How hard Chinese students studied in America.

B.   Some advice on how to take care of yourself in America.

C.   The difficulties you will meet with while living in America

D.  Some other things to consider to choose the right school.

The ’80s’ “important role” in the family has also meant a greater concentration and focus on the individual. And, it has made the word “me” one of the most frequently used words. Everything seems to be about “me”. This generation has a greater awareness of itself.

Some people do not seem to agree that all this is self-centred. When Cai Fuchao, Beijing’s publicity head, was asked to comment on the lack of responsibility of university students during the SARS period, his reply was: “Modern university students are ambitious, knowledgeable and have a very strong sense of responsibility to the society.”

As news analyst from sina.com, Pan Fengliang, echoed(随声附和)that, saying that blindly blaming them(for running away during the SARS outbreak)was prejudiced and unfair and not backed with evidence.

No doubt, the development of information technology has contributed its bit to broadening, or bending, the minds of the 80s generation.

Some people even call Gen’80 “the E-generation”. They get in touch with each other via email, QQ, ICQ and MSN.

While the people of the ’60s and ’70s swarmed(涌往)to Shanghai to catch Luo Dayou, Gen’80s were on the BBS saying that it was “really dumb”.

“The internet is so much more to those of the ’80s than you can imagine,” said Wu Junyong, an IT engineer who was born in 1978.

In Wu’s opinion, it’s the Internet that separates the 70s from the 80s, “Many of the’70s don’t see why those from the ’80s can spend everyday in front of a computer.”

A new weekly Magazine/163.com survey last year found that 40 percent of the 7,000 people surveyed, born in the ’80s, thought the computer was the most important article in life; more than 70 percent of their parents preferred the home.

 

55. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.        The development of information technology contributed to the ’80s’greater awareness of itself.

B.        The E-generation rushed to Shanghai to catch Luo Dayou.

C.        All the ’80s can spend every day in front of a computer.

D.       Not all people think that the “born in the 1980s” are selfish and irresponsible.

56. What can we infer from the passage?

A.        All the ’80s have a strong sense of responsibility to the society.

B.        Computers play a more important part in the life of the ’80s, who perhaps can’t live without them.

C.        The ’80s generation are ambitious, knowledgeable and responsible.

D.       People can’t imagine why the ’80s like internet so much.

57. The best title for this passage could be ______.

A. The self-centred generation                       B. The internet generation

C. The “born in the ’80s”generation         D. The life of the ’80s

58. The purpose of this passage is to tell us _______.

A.   people’s different opinions towards the ’80s generation.

B.   the ’80s are the E-generation.

C.   the ’80s are different from others in society.

D. the’80s have their own characteristics and we shouldn’t lose confidence in them

 

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