While football fans feel strongly angry and shocked about mistakes made by referees (裁判) because they cannot see clearly what has happened, a small German company is quietly pleased.

     For Carlos Technologies, mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy. The company has developed a tiny chip(芯片) that fits inside a football and determines whether the ball has crossed the goal line, by being able to discover its exact location on the field. The world football organization, FIFA, has shown interest in the technology. It is very possible that the new technology will be used in the 2006 World Cup in Germany.

"We've been testing the technology at the main soccer stadium in Nuremberg for some time and more recently in an under-17 FIFA Cup in Peru," said Gunter Rohmer, a director of the company. "The technology has performed well, and we're pretty optimistic that it will be used at the games in Germany next year."

The chip only weighs 12 grams, and is placed in the center of the football. It sends 2,000 signals a second to a receiver network of 12 antennas(天线),placed around the field. The receivers then send information about the ball's location to a central computer, and because it works in real time, it can immediately tell the referee whether a goal has been scored. The chip even can tell when the ball crosses the line in mid-air. Oliver Braun, one of the inventors of the chip, says that feedback from German referees was generally positive. Germany sports-wear giant Adidas is also optimistic about using this kind of chip in other ball sports.

FIFA aims to test the technology later this year at another game in Japan before deciding whether or not to introduce it in all 12 stadiums in Germany for next year's World Cup.

Carlos Technologies is pleased because ________.

    A. football fans are angry with referees

    B. their new product can satisfy football fans

    C. their new product will have a good market

    D. they can sell a lot of football in the future

In the first sentence in Paragraph 2,"... mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy" means ___________.

    A. Carlos Technologies can't afford the high price for advertising their product

    B. Mistakes in production are also a kind of advertisement

    C. Carlos Technologies has already spent a lot of money on advertising their product

    D. Referees' mistakes will be of great help for the sale of Carlos Technologies' new product

The underlined word "feedback" probably means ___________.

    A. information given back by a user     B. advice given by someone

C. supplying food to customers          D. food given back by consumers

The new product has drawn attention from some _________.

A. famous people    B. referees         C. big companies  D. countries

Life on earth depends on water, and there is no substitute for it. The current assumption is that our basic needs for water — whether for drinking, agriculture, industry or the raising of fish will always have to be met . Given that premise (前提), there are two basic routes we can go: more equal access to water or better engineering solutions.

Looking at the engineering solution first, a lot of my research concentrates on what happens to wetlands when you build dams in river basins, particularly in Africa. The ecology of such areas is almost entirely driven by the seasonal changes of the river — the pulse of the water. And the fact is that if you build a dam, you generally spoil the downstream ecology. In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information. But in the near future, governments will have no excuse for their ignorance.

The engineers’ ability to control water flows has created new kinds of unpredictability, too. Dams in Africa have meant fewer fish, less grazing and less floodplain (洪泛区) agriculture — none of which were expected. And their average economic life is assumed to be thirty years. Dams don’t exist forever, but what will replace them is not clear.

The challenge for the future is to find new means of controlling water. Although GM technology (转基因) will allow us to breed better dry-land crops, there is no market for companies to develop crops suitable for the micro-climates of the Sahel and elsewhere in Africa. Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World?

What’s the main idea of this passage?

       A. The engineering solutions to water resource and their limitation.

       B. The challenge for the future.   

       C. The basic means of controlling water.

       D. The challenge for developing crops.

Which of the following statements is NOT true for meeting our basic needs for water?

       A. Water resource should be used more reasonably.

       B. More dams should be built in river basins.

       C. More wetlands should be protected from destruction.

       D. More dry-land crops could be developed in Africa.

The author suggests that governments will have no excuse for their careless ignorance in the future because        .

      A. The ecological destruction will be known to the public by researchers

       B. The ecological destruction will no longer be a problem in the future

       C. The future is an information age

       D. Governments will face greater challenge in the future

The author mentions all the problems caused by dams EXCEPT          .

       A. fewer fish         B. less grazing land

       C. less floodplain agriculture       D. less farming land

The last sentence probably implies that           .

       A. No one will invest in developing locally appropriate crops in Africa

       B. Researchers have no interest in developing dry-land crops

       C. Research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World may be profitable

       D. There is less water resource in the Third Worldk*s*5u

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