What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive． ”

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly． ”

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel anonymous — no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality．”

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them． ’ ”

Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties．” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly． ”

Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 

       A. There’s a connection between violence and sports

       B. One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．

       C. There are many reasons for violence at sports events．

       D. David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion．

Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

       A．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy． ”

       B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing． ”

       C. “There are so many of us and not enough of them． ”

       D．“ No one knows I’m doing this． ”

How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

       A． Two．   B． Four． C． Three． D． Five．

The last paragraph is mainly about ______．

       A. how to turn games into big parties

       B. why to install cameras in stadiums

       C. how to prevent violence at sports events

       D. how to avoid oneself behaving badly

What lesson can we learn from this passage?

A． Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are．

B． Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．

C． Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．

D． Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的作文, 文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。 

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^) ；

删除:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉；

修改:在错的词下面划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分；

3. 改错在答题纸上做。

In England, nobody under 18 are allowed to drink in a bar. Mr. Thompson used to going to a bar near his house, or he never took his son, Tom, because he was too young.

Then when Tom had his eighteen birthday, Mr. Thompson took him to his usual bar. After drinking at half an hour, Mr. Thompson said to his son, “Tom, I want to teach you an useful lesson. You must always be careful never drink too much.”

“How do you know how you’ve had enough?” asked Tom.

“Do you see those two lights at the end of the bar? When it seem to have become four, you’ve had enough and should go to home.”

“But , Dad, I can see only one,” said Tom.

短文改错（10%）。

I often quarrel about my mother over whether I can watch TV after school. She hold the view that Senior

Three students have to make fully use of every minute to work hard at their lessons. It seems to me that

once I am allowed to do that, I’ll unable to control myself and forget all about my study. She also thinks

it is bad for my eye. But I really can’t accept her ideas. In my opinion, watch TV can set my mind at rest

after a day’s hard works. Besides, it is important for us to know what had happened at home and at

abroad. Thus, we shouldn’t be forbidden to watch TV.t—

The changes in computer will         in the near future.

   A. come about     B. come out      C. come along    D. come up

There has been ____ accidents on this part of road.

A. a number of                    B. a great deal of

C. a series of                       D. plenty of

Imagine that the genome (基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This is an enormous document. A huge volume, a cook book of great length, and it all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin.

The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor (比喻), It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and defined by a code that translates a small alphabet of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only complication is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right, and some from right to left, though never both at the same time.

While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters. Genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters, And instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules (分子), The genome is a very clever book, because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself.

How do human genomes read according to the passage?

       A. Only from left to right.    B. Only from right to left.

       C. From both directions at the same time   D. From one direction at a time

We can learn from the passage that the human genome ______.

       A. is as long as the River Danube

       B. can be easily placed on the head of a pin

       C. is coded with and alphabet of four letters

       D. is smart enough to read and take photos of itself

It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ______.

       A. specialists in the field      B. general readers

       C. natural scientists        D. readers with academic background

The real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is ______.

       A. to focus on the differences between the two

       B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two

       C. to simplify the concept of the human genome

       D. to give an exact description of the human genome

Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _____ an inch.

A. by     B. at       C. to      D. from

I don’t drink now, but I ________ for almost ten years.

   A. ever drank     B. was ever drinking     C. have ever drunk   D. had ever drunk

The guidelines are _______ in the second paragraph.

   A. heard out                B. set out            C. lived out                D. pointed out

Jane likes collecting stamps very much. In fact, her interest in it ___back to her school days.

A. dated               B. dates            C. was dated          D. is dated