三、阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

A

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

    Professor Gerald Gullion of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as a woman at a party telling another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liars hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the changes of people’s behavior in a number of small, clearly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (痒).

Another gesture which gives away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood, as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

41.According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie _______.

A.that other people have interest in

B.that other people cannot believe

C.told in order to avoid offending(冒犯) someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone

42.Research suggests that women _______.

A.are better at telling lies than men do     B.generally lie far more than men

C.often make promises they later break    D.lie at parties more often than men do

43.Researchers find that    when a person tells lies.

A.his or her blood pressure increases greatly

B.he or she looks very serious and moves about more

C.he or she tends to make small changes in his behavior

D.he or she uses his unconscious mind

44.One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that_______

A.1ying causes a slight increase in blood pressure

B.the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C.they want to cover their mouths

D.they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

45.Which of the following may best betray (出卖) a liar?

A.The touching of the tip of one’s nose.  B.The change of one’s behavior.

C.“The mouth cover” gesture.           D.The situations in which his lies are told.

一.根据首字母或中文完成句子:

1.At the museum, visitors are requested not to touch the e_______________.

2.The government yesterday ____(宣布) to the media that they would create some new jobs.

3.The IT i___________ is playing an important role in the development of economy.

4.Though caught in a snowstorm, the pilot g _________ the plane to a safe landing.

5.Three fourths of the earth’s s ________ is covered with water, our earth is an ocean planet.

6.I feel really happy to be e _________ in this famous university to teach advanced English.

7.He was too ____________ (没经验) for the job. He worked here no more than three days .

8.Many young soldiers helped to r ___________ people from the fire of the hotel. One of them was killed and some were injured.

9.Some students in our class are worried about their p _______ and want many people to like them.

10.He suddenly experienced a f ____ of shame when his name was mentioned at the meeting.

11.My computer c ______ suddenly last night and all of my documents I was working on got lost.

12.The child was t __________ at the piano his parents sent to him on his birthday.

13.This machine is used to ___________ (监测) a patient’s pulse.

14.The decision was c ________ by all the members.

15.He seems to be honest and trusted, but in r ________ he often tells lies.

16.He has an e __________ talent for music.

17.I think that we have many o __________ of meeting interesting people on the train when traveling.

18.Matter has three states . For example, water is ___________(液体).

19.A number of parents have v _______ concern about their children’s safety.

20.She d ________ a talk on philosophy during her visit to her mother school.

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