Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War Ⅱ, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when       .

A. he has saved up enough money          B. he has grown dissatified with his simple shelter

C. he has satisfied his hunger             D. he has learned to build houses

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans       .

A. were very rich                                     B. lived in poverty

C. had the good things on the first three levels         D. did not own automobiles

Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction” ?

A. A successful career.                             B. A comfortable home.

C. A good meal.                                     D. A family car.

What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

 A. The more goods the better.                 B. The more mental satisfaction the better.

C. The more “luxury” items the better.           D. The more earnings the better.

句子：

______ ________(面临) a difficult situation, Tom decided to ask his boss  for advice.

He became famous _______ _________ _________.(40多岁)

People in Chongqing are proud of _______ _______ ________ ________ (所取得的成就)in the past ten years.

we can give money to _______ ______ _______ ________ ______ (使饮水安全).

Always leave things ________ _______ ________ _______ ________ _________.(你能再找到它们的地方)

With a lot of difficult problems_____________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settle    B. setteling     C. to settle   D. being settled

The project _______ a success as the income of the company increases every year. 

A. is proved            B. had proved      C. has proved          D. has been proved

Stage fright is a common example of ______ educators call a “lack of confidence” among students．

    A． that    B．what C． which   D． whose

You should practice reading as much as you can, since it is a(n) ______ skill, and

it must be taken seriously.

A. fundamental      B. genuine     C. unbelievable     D. violent

With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

    A. affect      B. being affected     C. affected       D. were affected

完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分）

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并标在答题卷的相应位置。用答题卡的考生，先把选出的最佳选项标在试卷的相应位置，再转涂到答题卡上。

There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.

But ___36___ a few of them are very ___37___. English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U. S. A, but in other parts of the world. about 200, 000, 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a ___38___ language. Many millions are ___39__ to do so.

Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different ___40___. Have you ever __41___ the ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?

“Learn English in six month, or your __42___ back ...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes __43___ you master your English in a month. __44___ the first day your ___45___ will be excellent. Just send ...” Of course, it never ___46___ quite like this.

The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should ___47___ that we all learned our own language well when we were ___48___. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. ___49___ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and ___50___ in it all the time, just imagine how much ___51___ that gets!

So it is ___52___ to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English ___53___ upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and ___54___ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will ___55___. But they cannot do the student’s work for him.

A. not B. quite    C. only D. very

A. difficult  B. important    C. necessary    D. easy

A. native B. foreign  C. useful   D. mother

A. learning   B. enjoying C. trying   D. liking

A. questions  B. problems C. ideas    D. answers

A. found  B. watched  C. noticed  D. known

A. knowledge  B. time C. money    D. English

A. make   B. help C. let  D. allow

A. From   B. On   C. Since    D. After

A. spelling   B. grammar  C. English  D. pronunciation

A. happened   B. know C. seemed   D. felt

A. know    B. remember C. understand   D. think

A. students   B. children C. babies   D. grown-ups

A. Imagine    B. Mind C. Do   D. Think of

A. using  B. thinking C. trying   D. practicing

A. time   B. money    C. language D. practice

A. hard   B. easy C. funny    D. silly

A. depends    B. tries    C. has  D. takes

A. uses    B. takes    C. gets D. costs

A. do  B. work  C. help  D. master

Your House Will Take Care of You In Old Age

Have you ever thought what your life would be like in old age? Everyone talks about the “aging” society with large numbers of elderly people needing home care. Now German researchers have set up a “smart” house, programmed to help the elderly live at home with dignity. Scientists at Germany’s Fraunhofer Institute say the house combines existing technology with future-oriented technology.

For example, the “smart” bathroom has a touch screen mirror that can remind people to take their medicine, wash their hands or brush their teeth. The hardware behind Fraunhofer’s electronic bathroom is not new, and the software runs on a regular personal computer.

When the medicine cabinet is opened, a display in the middle of the mirror tells the person how many pills to take. The mirror is linked to a care provider, who can remotely check whether a patient at home is actually taking medicine and brushing his or her teeth. As many elderly people have arthritic(关节炎的) conditions that make it difficult to operate water taps, the mirror also has displays that turn the water tap on or off or control the water temperature.

The bathroom is only the start. Kitchens, bedrooms and all other parts of the “intelligent” home will become “user-friendly” to meet all kinds of individual needs. Sensors in doors, toilets, taps, light switches and carpets detect every activity and record them electronically. Doctors or care staff can see from the computer records what personal hygiene tasks have been completed, how often the elderly person visits the bathroom or uses the toilet. In case of an emergency, the computer automatically alerts the chosen contact person or calls the care center.

The ‘smart” bathroom has a touch screen mirror ________.

A. that can help the elderly brush their teeth    B. which is linked to a nursing house

C. behind which is a medicine cabinet         D. that can remind people to do many things

The underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refers to ________.

A. every activity B. doors, toilets, taps, light switches and carpets C. individual needs D. sensors

The house mentioned in the passage can be described as _________.

A. smart but expensive                 B. intelligent and convenient

C. smart and environmentally-friendly     D. fashionable and energy-saving

How is the passage mainly developed?

A. By inferring  B. By listing examples. C. By comparing. D. By introducing a practical method.

The author of the text mainly _________.

A. calls on people to care for the old       B. encourages the old to live with dignity

C. introduces a new house               D. promotes a new house

  While in Banff, make time for a walk around town. A special treat is to go up the mountainside on the Banff Gondola for a surprising view of the valley below .Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces.

   Best time to visit is during the off-season, from early May to mid-June, or in October .This way you can avoid sharing the high way with mobile（移动的）homes which can be pulled by cars .But whatever the season, take some lunch with you from Banff, because there are only a few food stops on the road.

   Forty minutes north of Banff ,side by side with the Banff National Park ,sits world-famous Lake Louise .This surprisingly small body of water is attractive with towering mountains around it .Glaciers ,huge masses of ice ,moving very slowly against rocks ,produce what is called glacier rock flour ,making its water dark to see .It is worth taking a walk around the grounds of the Chateau Lake Louise ,another beauty ,proud of its early 20th century history.

   Back on the road , and it’s time to continue north past the astonishing Columbia Icefield, then turn off the highway and take the short road to the base of the Athabaska Glacier .You can rent ice cleats（夹板）and do some climbing or do a more pleasant snowmobile tour .Either way, you can enjoy endless beautiful sights.

   Finally you’ll reach Jasper ,the usual turning around the place for the Banff-Jasper loop（回路）.It’s worth riding the Jasper Skytram, and be sure to visit the wonderful Jasper Park Lodge ,also dating back to the 1920s.If you can have lunch there ,do it .The restaurant has an adventurous menu and their wine list would put a smile on any visitor’s face.

According the passage, The Pines is a ________.

 A．place in which you can see many mobile homes

 B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

    C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

 D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

What will probably happen when visitors come at the end of June?

    A．They may have trouble finding a restaurant.

 B．They may come across traffic jams.

 C．They may travel more easily with cars.

D．They may do much more sightseeing.

Similar to the Chateau Lake Louise, ________.

 A．the Banff National Park is to the west of Banff

 B．the Columbia Icefield lies between Lake Louise and the Banff National Park

    C．the Jasper Skytram  has a history of more than 80 years

 D．the Jasper Park Lodge was built in the 1920s

Besides the beautiful sights in Jasper Park Lodge ,visitors to Jasper can enjoy themselves by ________.

    A．taking the Jasper Skytram and eating in the restaurant

    B．taking the Banff-Jasper loop and Jasper Skytram

 C．having a lot of food to order in the restaurant

 D．taking the Jasper Skytram back to Banff