Disposing (处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.

    During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site. People would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories, mills, and

other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.

Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps(垃圾场), which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. A long distance dump has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is nonexistent. Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people

can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.

Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste.

1. The most suitable title for this passage would be ______.

   A. Places for Disposing of Waste         B. Waste Pollution Dangers

   C. Ways of Getting Rid of Waste         D. Waste Disposal Problem

2. During the 18th century, people disposed of waste in many ways except for ______.

   A. burying it    B. recycling it    C. burning it    D. throwing it into rivers

3. What can be inferred from the third paragraph?

   A. Farm areas will continue accepting waste from the city in modern society.

   B. There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society.

   C. It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society.

   D. Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same.

4. The main purpose of writing this article is to ______.

   A. draw people’s attention to waste management

   B. warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing

   C. call on people to take part in recycling programs

   D. tell people a better way to get rid of the waste

We’ll have to find someone to have a look at the door. It won’t _______.

  A. shut                          B. be shut                     C. be shutting               D. shutting

      When I try to understand __________that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems that there are two causes.

     A. why it does        B. what it does          C. what it is       D. why it is

第二部分  阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

Few people would question the value of taking part in sports for young people．With proper training，supervision，protective equipment and techniques，and an proper emphasis on winning，sports can develop a healthy body and spirit and a life-long interest in being active and fit .Without such measures，childhood sports can lead to injuries and even paralysis or death．

Even in the best conditions，no activity can be risk-free．But most serious hazards are preventable．Cyclists and football players can reduce their risks by wearing helmets；hockey players by wearing masks；basketball and tennis players by wearing eye guards；baseball players by wearing batting helmets．

Besides，risks to individual players can often be found，and thus prevented，through a properly performed medical exam before a child plays．For accidents that may not be preventable，having an emergency plan and first-aid equipment，and someone trained to use the equipment，can be lifesaving．

Still，each year，according to the American College of Sports Medicine，more than 775,000 children under 14 are treated in emergency rooms for sports injuries，nearly half of them preventable．An estimated 300,000 athletes experience exercise-related head illnesses each year，and almost all of them should have been avoided．

Further，from half to three-fourths of sports-related concussions（脑震荡） are never even diagnosed；the injured are often sent back in to play too soon and put at risk of another more serious brain-damaging concussion．To help reduce these risks, the National Center for Sports Safety, with the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, offers a three-hour online safety course for coaches for $28 at www.SportsSafety.org.

1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．All the accidents can be prevented．

B．All the accidents cannot be prevented．

C．Lives can be saved so long as there is proper equipment．

D．Lives cannot be saved even if there is proper equipment．

2．What does the underlined word “hazards”(in paragraph 2)mean?

A．mistakes                     B．diseases    

C．dangers                          D．situations

3．It is implied in the passage that         ．

A．prevention of injuries is not paid enough attention to

B．children under 14 are more easily hurt in sports

C．most head illnesses are related with exercise

D．none of the head illnesses should have happened

第二节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线 （﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

One cold winter day in 1900, a small boy calling Charlie Chaplin walking along the street in London.  He did not have breakfast and lunch. He wanted to buy some bread, but he didn't have some money. His father dead when he was very young. His mother was often very sick, so she can not take care of Charlie or his brother. All of them had to work to help their sick mother. He was a small boy but his dream was not very big. He wanted to be great man in the world of film. So he works very hard to sing and dance well.  

 _____by the running , they went on running after the thief.

A. Exhausting B. Having exhausted C. Exhausted D.To exhaust

       —I don’t have any change with me. Will you pay the bill for me?

      —______.

A. That’s fine                B. Nothing serious               C. No problem              D. Never mind

 —Did you know any French before you arrived in Paris？

—Never _______it, actually.

A. I learned                 B. have I learned                C. had I learned          D. was I learned

 William’s first stop was in _____ is a small town under the Himalayas.

   A. where     B. which     C. that     D. what

三、完形填空 （共20小题，20分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

When I come across a good article in reading newspapers, I often want to cut and keep it. But just as I am about to do so I find the article on the __36__ side is as much interesting. It may be a discussion of the way to __37__ in good health, or __38__ about how to behave and conduct oneself in society. If I cut the front article, the opposite one is likely to __39__ damage, leaving out half of it or keeping the text __40__ the title. Therefore, the scissors would __41__ before they start, __42__ halfway done when I find out the __43__result.

Sometimes two things are to be done at the same time, both worth your __44__. You can only take up one of them, the other has to wait or be __45__ up. But you know the future is unpredictable --- the changed situation may not allow you to do what is left __46__. Thus you are __47__ in a difficult position and feel sad. How __48_nice chances and brilliant ideas should gather around all at once? It may happen that your life __49__ greatly on our preference of one choice to the other.

In fact that is what __50__ is like: we are often __51__ with the two opposite sides of a thing which are both desirable like a newspaper cutting. It often occurs that our attention is drawn to one thing only ____52____ we get into another. The __53__ may be more important than the latter and give rise to a divided mind. I __54__ remember a philosopher’s remarks: “When one door shuts, another opens in life.” So a casual __55__ may not be a bad one.

36 A. front                   B. same                        C. either                       D. opposite

37 A. get                      B. keep                        C. lead                         D. bring

38 A. advice                 B. news                        C. a theory                   D. a report

39 A. suffer                  B. reduce                      C. prevent                    D. cause

40A. on                        B. for                           C. without                    D. off

41A. use                 B. handle                      C. prepare                    D. stay

42 A. or                       B. but                          C. so                            D. for

43 A. satisfying             B. regretful                   C. surprising                 D. impossible

44 A. courage               B. strength                    C. attention                   D. patience

45A. given                   B. held                         C. made                       D. picked

46 A. near                    B. alone                       C. about                       D. behind

47 A. filled                   B. attracted                   C. caught                      D. struck

48 A. dare                    B. come                       C. deal                         D. do

49 A. improves             B. changes                    C. progresses                D. goes

50 A. study                   B. society                            C. nature                      D. life

51 A. faced                   B. supplied                   C. connected                 D. fixed

52 A. before                 B. after                        C. until                        D. as

53 A. following             B. next                         C. above                       D. former

54 A. still                            B. also                         C. once                        D. almost

55 A. treatment             B. action                      C. choice                      D. remark