Dye (染料) can bring a little color to life. Most clothing is colored with dyes. Modern, manufactured dyes can be costly. Natural dyes from plant and animal products have been used since ancient times. So this week, we describe a natural way to dye wool.

       There are several methods to put dye onto material. The vat method, for example, can be used to dye wool with onionskins. For this example, use one hundred grams of natural wool. The wool must be clean. Leave it overnight in water and liquid soap. Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently squeeze out the extra water.

       A solution called a mordant (媒染) is used in the dying process. A mordant helps fix the dye to the material. Traditionally, mordants were found in nature. Wool ash is one example. But chemical mordants such as alum are popular today. Alum is sold in many stores. It is often mixed with cream of tartar, a fine powder commonly used in cooking.

       Mix eight grams of alum with seven grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to eighty-two degrees Celsius. Heat the mixture for forty-five minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.

       To prepare the dye solution, cover thirty grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry, brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their color, about forty-five minutes. Remove the skins after the dye cools.

       Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil, then immediately reduce the heat to eighty-two degrees. Now heat the dye for about forty-five minutes or until the wool is the desired color. Keep in mind that wet wool looks darker than it is.

       Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be.

57. According to the passage, mordants are ________.

A. dyes used in the dying process

B. materials which will be put dye to

C. wood ashes used in the dying process

D. not dyes but play an important role in the dying process

58. Which of the following statements about “natural dyes” is true?

A. They might be cheaper than chemical dyes.

B. They are more expensive than chemical dyes.

C. They have been used for only recent years.

D. They are all made from animal products.

59. As for the vat method, which of the following statements is NOT necessarily needed?

A. Ash.                 B. Water.            C. Mordant.              D. Temperature.

60. Choose the proper order of dying wool:

a. boil the liquid with onionskins.

b. add mordants to a metal pan of cool water.

c. wash the wool with clean water.

d. put the wool into the liquid and heat it

e. heat the mixture and then wash it.

A. c, b, e, a, d        B. e, b, c, d, a     C. b, e, a, d, c              D. a, b, e, c, d

There are several reasons for hair loss in women. However, in most cases, treatment is quite effective. Female hair loss patterns in women are not as easily recognizable as they are in men. A woman may experience it temporarily due to pregnancy or illness, although they may experience it for other reasons.

Hair loss can be due to a variety of factors, including a genetic tendency (which is not genetically linked to just one parent—both parents contribute to the tendency to lose hair).

Women who are experiencing hair problems seem to have more limited choices than men. There are some female hair loss treatments that are available such as the Tricomin System which is a topical treatment that is nutrition based. Shen Min for Women is another natural treatment that contains herbs (药草) that are said to stimulate(刺激) hair growth and even restore hair that is graying to its natural color.

The majority of the popular, proven hair loss treatments are only intended for men and are not suitable for women. True, a woman’s hair issue is different from a man’s. The biological makeup is different and the needs are different. Women have different needs and their bodies react in different ways to environmental changes, physical illness and even the treatments that are available. There are many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineral supplements that are said to stimulate hair growth, but, for the most part, these claims are currently unproven.

One of the first and most important factors to effectively treating is to get a diagnosis from a doctor. Talk to your doctor about any symptoms that you may be experiencing in addition to the thinning hair. Stress, weight loss or gain, illness and depression, all of these can be contributing factors.

50. It can be learned from the 1st paragraph that ___________.

usually hair loss is hard to heal

B . female hair loss is more common than the men’s

women tend to suffer from hair loss during the pregnant period

only illness contributes to hair loss

51.Which of the following statements matches the text about the two treatments?

A. Both are to solve the problem of male hair loss.

Tricomin System is effective in speeding the growth of the new hair

Shen Min is an updated way of treating hair loss

D. The former is nutrition-based, while the latter is medicine-based.

52. The reasons for the differences between the female and male hair loss problems do not include _______.

A. The biological structure and composition of the hair

The wants and needs

The reactions and responses to the outside changes

The approach to taking exercise

53. The natural treatments __________.

include vitamin and mineral supplements    

B. are applied to keep the hair healthy

C. have been proved useful          

D. are the most commonly-used ways

第四节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

“Are you too stupid to do anything right?” These words — said by a woman to a little boy who was obviously her son — were spoken  26  he had walked away from her. The boy returned, his eyes downcast.

Not a  27  moment, perhaps,   28  small moments last a very long time. And a few words — though they mean  29  at the time to the people who say them — can have great  30  .

I recently heard a story from a man named Malcolm Dalkoff. For the last 24 years he has been a professional  31  . Here is what he told me:

As a boy in Rock Island, Dalkoff was terribly  32  . He had few  33  and no self-confidence. One day, his English teacher, Ruth Brach, gave the class an assignment . The students had been reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Now they were to write their own chapter that would  34  the last chapter of the novel.

Dalkoff wrote his chapter and turned it  35  . Today he can not recall anything  36  about the chapter he wrote, or what  37  Mrs Brach gave him. What he does remember is the four words Mrs Brach wrote in margin(空白)of the paper: “This is  38  writing.”

Four words. They  39  his life.

“  40  I read those words, I had no ideal of who I was or  41  I was going to be,” he said. “After reading her note, I went home and wrote a short story, something I had always been  42  of doing but never believed I could do.”

Over the rest of that year in school, he wrote many short stories and always brought them to school for Mrs Brach to evaluate. She was  43  , tough and honest. “She was just what I  44  ,” Dalkoff said.

His confidence  45  . Dalkoff believed that none of this would have happened if that woman had not written those four words in the margin of the paper.

26. A. where

B. why

C. because

D. when

27. A. wonderful

B. difficult

C. funny

D. big

28. A. yet

B. although

C. for

D. therefore

29. A. much

B. little

C. more

D. most

30. A. meaning

B. power

C. force

D. sense

31. A. writer

B. player

C. poet

D. singer

32. A. sorry

B. proud

C. sick

D. shy

33. A. books

B. ideals

C. friends

D. chances

34. A. follow

B. match

C. decide

D. improve

35. A. on 

B. in

C. out

D. down

36. A. more

B. again

C. different

D. special

37. A. honors

B. remarks

C. prizes

D. grade

38. A. poor

B. serious

C. good

D. silly

39. A. changed

B. damaged

C. affected

D. improved

40. A. Unless

B. Until

C. When

D. While

41. A. what

B. how

C. where

D. which

42. A. tired

B. fond

C. proud

D. dreaming

43. A. strict

B. kind

C. encouraging

D. praising

44. A. feared

B. needed

C. expected

D. loved

45. A. grew

B. lifted

C. appeared

D. returned

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