We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don't do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.

So, you have to give a speech and you're terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long and you bore your audience. Later you think,   “Thank goodness, it's over. I'm just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheer up! It doesn't have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible and use pictures, charts and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don't talk over their heads and don't talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple steps, you'll see that you don't have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You're not convinced yet. Give it a try and see what happens.

We can conclude from Paragraph 2 that many people     .

A. talk too long in a speech

B. are happy to give a speech

C. are afraid of giving a speech

D. do not prepare for a speech

All of the following statements are true except that      .

A. a lecturer does not need to organize his speech

B. few people know how to make good speeches

C. research is important in preparing a speech

D. there are simple steps to improve your speaking

The underlined expression “talk over their heads” means “      ”.

A. speak too loudly                          B. look at the ceiling

C. look down upon them                      D. use difficult words and ideas

The main idea of the passage is that      

A. you can improve your speaking ability

B. a poor speaker can never change

C. it's easy to make a short speech

D. it is hard to make a speech

The oldest forms of medicine are enjoying a comeback. Modern holistic medicine is an approach that treats the whole patient, not just the disease. It is a way to maintain good health rather than cure illness. The most important influences on today’s holistic medicine are ancient Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, both of which promoted whole body health.

Holistic medicine usually combines diet, physical exercise and meditation, together with other alternative techniques such as massage(按摩) and acupuncture(针炙). Herbal treatment, a practice of treating illness by using plants, is influenced by the writings of Culpeper as well as Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Homeopathy(顺势疗法) is one of the forms of holistic medicine which is widely practiced in Europe and the USA. Homeopathy began in Germany in the early 1800s, when Samuel Hahnemann described how very tiny doses(剂量) of a drug had an effect on his patients. According to Hahnemann, the more the drug was diluted(稀释), the stronger its effects. The substance selected would produce similar effects to the disease itself if given in large doses. In the UK homeopathy is regarded as a non-traditional but just about acceptable treatment.

Meditation and contemplation have an important role in holistic medicine. They were brought to Europe by Indian teachers who combined Indian Ayurvedic medicine with Western beliefs. Transcendental meditation(超脱静坐) is one of the best known of these techniques. People repeat words inside their head to reach a state of deep relaxation.

The holistic movement has made many doctors look at the whole patient, not just the disease. Life-style, emotional problems and diet are just some of the factors that can affect a person’s health. Holistic medicine emphasizes good diet, exercise and fresh air, all of which contribute to health. Some clinics now offer holistic medicine along with traditional treatments, so that their patients can choose a combination of treatments that suits them. One problem with holistic medicine is that it is difficult for people to be sure a doctor is reliable. To solve this, many countries want alternative doctors to form professional bodies.

41.Modern holistic medicine centres upon        .

A.curing a disease                                          B.herbal treatment

C.continuous development                           D.keeping patients healthy

42.Which of the following does NOT belong to holistic medicine?

A.massage                                                     B.meditation

C.a balanced diet                                        D.a knee operation

43.The principle of homeopathy is that        .

A.the large doses of medicine that will not be harmful will take better effect

B.the disease will be cured sooner by taking larger doses of medicine

C.a small thinner dose of medicine will be more effective

D.the doses of medicine depend on how serious the illness is

44.Which of the following titles best sums up the passage?

A.Holistic Medicine                                       B.Traditional Medicine Returns

C.History of Medicine                                 D.Combination of Treatments Works

45.What can we infer from the passage?

A.Relaxation is the key of holistic treatment.

B.Holistic medicine needs to become more trustworthy.

C.Holistic treatment is more beneficial than traditional treatments.

D.Holistic medicine will become the most welcome treatment soon.

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