第三部分:  阅读理解 (共两节,满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

  In the United States, it is not usual to telephone someone early in the morning. If you telephone early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. So it is with the telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he may think that it’s a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.

In social life, time plays a very important part. In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party reaches them only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time is not the same in different cultures that treat time differently; being on time is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not on time, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the USA no one would think of keeping a business friend for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a shout apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.

56. A call at midnight would mean_________.

A. the matter is less important   B. the matter is too difficult to handle

C. the matter requires immediate attention   D. it is a matter of life and death

57. According to the passage, time plays a very important part in_______.

A. everyday life       B. private life   C. getting along with others       D. business

58. In the passage, the author suggests that invitation cards should be sent________.

A. three or four days before the party date in all cultures

B. three or four days before the party date in some cultures

C. three or four days before the party date in the USA

D. at your chosen time

Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive if the rain is spread throughout the year, If it falls, within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.   

     Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.

There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing –-very, very slowly ---as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.

     Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that :have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day' a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.

68. Many plants may survive in deserts when__________________.

A. the rain is spread out in a year      B. the rain falls only in a few weeks

C. there is little rain in a year         D. it is dry all the year round

69. Sand dunes are formed when___________________.

A. sand piles up gradually             B. there is plenty of rain in a year

C. the sea has dried up over the years    D. pieces of rock get smaller

70. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is____________.

 A. too much sand              B. more sand than before

 C. nothing except sand          D. something else besides sand

71. It can be learned from the text that in a desert____________.

A. there is no rainfall throughout the year                B. life exists in rough conditions

C. all sand dunes are a few feet high               D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat

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