There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger.

In one study,researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people.The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.

Some people slept less than five hours a night.They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin.Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry;leptin makes you feel full.

The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies.They note the combination that limitation is common and is widely available.

The results were not affected by how much people exercised.People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy.But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially  for high-calorie foods,so people gain weight.It seems that,for survival,the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.

Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study.They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.

The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine.Internet users can read the full study,free of charge,at plos.org.

Which of the following shows the right way in which lack of sleep causes weight gain?

A.more ghrelin and less leptin→feeling hungry→eating more

B.feeling hungry→eating more→more ghrelin and less leptin

C.burning more energy→feeling hungry→eating more

D.more leptin and less ghrelin→feeling full→less exercise

The two words missing in the 4th paragraph should be “_________”and “_________”.

A.weight;sleep              B.sleep;food          C.hunger;food               D.weight;work

When you sleep 7.7 hours a night,you will_________.

A.have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop

B.have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop

C.have your ghrelin and leptin levels properly balanced

D.feel neither hungry nor full

The writer wrote this passage to_________.

A.make a news report                                B.offer a piece of medical advice

C.make an advertisement                            D.keep a record of the research findings

Ted Shreds doesn't like cars.He wants people to stop driving because cars make the air dirty.Ted had an idea.He said,“I'm going to cycle around North America.I want to show everyone that cycling is a fun way to get around.If more people ride bikes,the air will be cleaner.”

He left his hometown with $160 in his pocket.When he got to San Diego,he met another cyclist.The cyclist invited Ted to speak at a big meeting about the environment.He said,“We'll pay your airfare to Texas and we'll pay you to talk about your cycling trip.”Two hours late,Ted was on a plane to the environmental conference and to a big surprise!

While he was at the conference,he met Deanna,it was love at first sight!They talked for six hours straight.

The next day,Ted called Deanna and asked her to finish the trip with him.Deanna said yes,sold everything in her apartment,gave her notice at work,and was on the road with Ted 20 days later!

“It was difficult at first,”said Deanna.“Ted got up every morning at 6:00 a.m.,but I wanted to sleep until noon.”After a few days,they started having fun.As they cycled from Florida to Montreal and then back to Vancouver,every day was an adventure.People paid for their food in restaurants and gave them extra money.Some people gave them $50 or $100.They slept in people's backyards and drank beer with motorcycle gangs.

On their way back to Vancouver,they stopped in Edmonton to visit Ted's relatives.During the stopover,they got married.People tied a “Just Married” sign and tin cans to the backs of their bikes.They got married.They now want to write a book about their trip.“We want people to know that you can be an environmentalist and still have fun,”Shreds said.

Ted Shreds went cycling because_________.

A.he loves adventure

B.cycling is a lot of fun

C.he wanted to find himself a wife

D.he supports environmental protection

Ted got paid for_________.

A.giving a talk about his cycling trip                         B.cycling throughout North America

C.traveling around North America by air                   D.attending conferences on cycling

The “big surprise” he had at the conference was that _________.

A.he met another cyclist who wanted to join him

B.he fell in love with a girl there

C.he gave a long talk lasting 6 hours

D.he had a lot of fun talking about his cycling trip

During the trip,Ted and Deanna_________.

A.found it hard to get up early

B.were attacked by motorcycle gangs

C.did not have to pay for their meals in restaurants

D.decided to get married

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