阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。

 Two experts did some experiments on two groups of people — one who tended to sleep less than the

people around them and the other group more.

According to their report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men automatically began to cut down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

   In general, these “short sleepers” appeared with ambition, active, energetic, cheerful, and conformist (不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or even worked full time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “acceptable” or “outstanding” to their friends and associates.

  When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering them. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

  The experts also stated that those “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. They reported that those men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were a bit concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than the “short sleepers did.

  Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly express it that being asleep was a good escape from their daily problems.

All in all, proper time of sleeping should be admired, not too long, neither too short.

According to the report, ______.

  A. many “short sleepers” need less sleep just by nature

  B. many “short sleepers” are obliged to reduce sleep time by work

  C. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

  D. many “long sleepers” formed sleeping habit during childhood

Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ______.

  A. sleep is a very efficient escape from the reality

  B. sleep is just an item which should be denied by them

   C. sleep might be a disturbing thing for their daily business

  D. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

It is stated in the forth paragraph that “short sleepers” ______.

  A. are ideally energetic under the pressures of life

  B. often ignore the ill effect of not enough sleep

  C. do not know how to relax themselves properly

  D. are more unlikely to run into mental problems

Which of the following is nearest to the meaning of “… were a bit concerned in the fifth Para?

  A. appeared troubled                     B. became energetic

C. felt dissatisfied                       D. were much depressed

Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?

  A. If one sleeps improperly, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened

  B. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are the same as those shown by “long sleepers”

  C. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep

  D. Short sleepers may have been better off if they have more rest  

完型填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A recent study shows that gossip(流言蜚语)is more powerful than truth. It suggests people believe what they hear through the grapevine(小道消息)  36  they have evidence to the contrary.

Researchers,  37  students using a computer game, also found gossip played an important role when people  38  decisions. “We show that gossip has a strong  39  , even when people have  40  to the original information as well as gossip about the same information. Thus, it is  41  that gossip has a strong controlling potential,” said Ralf Sommerfeld, who led the study.

In the study, the researchers  42  the students money and allowed them to give it to others in a series of rounds. The students also wrote  43  about how others played the game that everyone could review. Students tended to give  44  money to people described as “scrooges (吝啬鬼)” and more to those described as “ 45  players”. “People only believed the gossip, not the past decisions,” Sommerfeld said in a telephone interview.

The researchers then took the game a step  46  and showed the students the actual decisions people had made. But they also supplied false gossip that contradicted that  47  . In these cases, the students  48  their decisions to award money on the gossip,  49  the hard evidence.

“If you know what the people did, you should care, but they still  50  what others said,” Sommerfeld said. Researchers have  51  used similar games to study how people cooperate and the  52  of gossip in groups. Scientists define gossip  53  social information spread about a person who is not  54  . In evolutionary terms, gossip can be an important tool for people to  55  information about others' reputations or find the way through social networks at work and in their everyday lives.

A. in case    B. for fear that             C. as if    D. even if

A. testing B. checking           C. examining        D. experimenting

A. drew     B. made C. reached     D. concluded

A. impression    B. difference         C. influence   D. function

. A. access   B. entrance    C. charge       D. communication

A. curious        B. serious             C. obvious     D. worth

A. impressed     B. asked               C. showed      D. gave

A. articles B. notes         C. dairies       D. letters

A. less       B. more         C. fewer        D. much

A. general   B. mean         C. generous    D. outgoing

A. away    B. forward            C. ahead        D. further

A. existence      B. evidence           C. confidence        D. dependence

A. based    B. put           C. focused     D. passed

A. more than     B. less than           C. rather than  D. other than

A. referred to    B. listened to         C. turned to   D. stuck to

A. soon     B. presently           C. far     D. long

A. strength B. energy              C. effect        D. force

A. as B. for            C. to                     D. by

A. absent   B. present             C. gone D. missing

A. achieve             B. earn                     C. acquire       D. win

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